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a, Mg + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) MgCl2 + H2 Cu + 2HCl \(\rightarrow\) CuCl2 + H2
b, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\\n_{Cu}=y\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+64y=16\\x+y=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-0,24\\y=0,34\end{matrix}\right.\)
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Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{22.4}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.1.......0.2......................0.1\)
Chất rắn X : Cu
\(m_{Zn}=0.1\cdot65=6.5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=19.3-6.5=12.8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{12.8}{64}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^o}}}2CuO\)
\(0.2........0.1\)
\(m_{tăng}=m_{O_2}=0.1\cdot32=3.2\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\) \(\Rightarrow n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{20-0,1\cdot65}{81}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=119,8\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}\cdot136}{119,8}\cdot100\%\approx30,27\%\)
c) Giả sử khí là SO2
PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}\xrightarrow[]{t^o}ZnSO_4+SO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{SO_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{SO_2}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
a) Đặt số mol của MO, M(OH)2, MCO3 tương ứng là x, y, z.
Nếu tạo muối trung hòa ta có các phản ứng:
MO + H2SO4 →MSO4 + H2O (1)
M(OH)2 + H2SO4 →MSO4 + 2H2O (2)
MCO3 + H2SO4 →MSO4 + H2O + CO2 (3)
Nếu tạo muối axít ta có các phản ứng:
MO + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + H2O (4)
M(OH)2 + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + 2H2O (5)
MCO3 + 2H2SO4 →M(HSO4)2 + H2O + CO2 (6)
Ta có :
– TH1: Nếu muối là MSO4 M + 96 = 218 M = 122 (loại)
– TH2: Nếu là muối M(HSO4)2 M + 97.2 = 218 M = 24 (Mg)
Vậy xảy ra phản ứng (4, 5, 6) tạo muối Mg(HSO4)2
b) Theo (4, 5, 6) Số mol CO2 = 0,448/22,4 = 0,02 molz = 0,02 (I)
2x + 2y + 2z = 0,12 (II)
Đề bài: 40x + 58y + 84z = 3,64 (III)
Giải hệ (I, II, III): x = 0,02; y = 0,02; z = 0,02
%MgO = 40.0,02.100/3,64 = 21,98%
%Mg(OH)2 = 58.0,02.100/3,64 = 31,87%
%MgCO3 = 84.0,02.100/3,64 = 46,15%
a, \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,1.65}{10,5}.100\%\approx61,9\%\\\%m_{Cu}\approx38,1\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=n_{H2SO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al2O3}=15,8-5,6=10,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Ta có : \(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=3n_{Al2O3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{MddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1+0,3}{0,2}=2M\)