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a)
$Fe_2O_3 + 3CO \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Fe +3 CO_2$
$Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2$
$RO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} R + H_2O$
b)
Coi m = 160(gam)$
Suy ra: $n_{Fe_2O_3} = 1(mol)$
Theo PTHH :
$n_{RO} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = 2n_{Fe_2O_3} = 2(mol)$
$M_{RO} = R + 16 = \dfrac{160}{2} = 80 \Rightarrow R = 64(Cu)$
Vậy oxit là CuO
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1mol\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
0,3 0,2 0,1
\(V_{O_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{23,2}{232}=0,1mol\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Fe_3O_4\)
0,2 0,1 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48l\)
Bài 10:
Gọi kim loại cần tìm là R
\(\Rightarrow n_R=\dfrac{16,25}{M_R}\left(mol\right);n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,1975}{24,79}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_R=n_{HCl}\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,25}{M_R}=0,25\Rightarrow M_R=65\)
Vậy R là kẽm (Zn)
Bài 11:
Gọi CTHH của oxide là \(R_2O_3\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,1}{2M_R+48}\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=1,5\cdot0,2=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:R_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2RCl_3+3H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{R_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}n_{HCl}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{5,1}{2M_R+48}=0,05\\ \Rightarrow2M_R+48=102\\ \Rightarrow M_R=27\)
Do đó R là nhôm (Al)
Vậy CTHH oxide là \(Al_2O_3\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x 2x x x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
y 2y y y
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0,5\\24x+56y=23,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=0,15;y=0,35\)
\(a,m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,m_{HCl}=\left(0,3+0,7\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{228}.100\%=16\%\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\\ n_{Mg}=a;n_{Fe}=b\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+56b=23,2\\a+b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow a=0,15;b=0,35mol\\ m_{Mg}=0,15.24=3,6g\\ m_{Fe}=23,2-3,6=19,6g\\ b.m_{HCl}=\left(0,15+0,35\right).2.36,5=36,5g\\ m_{ddHCl}=1,14.200=228g\\ C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{36,5}{228}\cdot100=16,01\%\)
Chọn C
m o x i t = m K L + m o x i → m o x i = m o x i t – m K L = 24 – 17 , 6 = 6 , 4 g a m .
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{50,4}{56}=0,9\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:3Fe+2O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}Fe_3O_4\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{n_{Fe}}{3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=0,3\cdot232=69,6\left(g\right)\)
a)
$n_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,48}{24} = 0,02(mol)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = n_{Mg} = 0,02(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(lít)$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,04(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,04.36,5}{3,65\%} = 40(gam)$
c)
Sau phản ứng, $m_{dd} = 0,48 + 40 - 0,02.2 = 40,44(gam)$
$C\%_{MgCl_2} = \dfrac{0,02.95}{40,44}.100\% = 4,7\%$
Số mol của magie
nMg = \(\dfrac{m_{Mg}}{M_{Mg}}=\dfrac{0,48}{24}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2\(|\)
1 2 1 1
0,02 0,04 0,02
a) Số mol của khí hidro
nH2 = \(\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
Thể tích của khí hidro ở dktc
VH2 = nH2 . 22,4
= 0,02 . 22,4
= 0,48 (l)
b) Số mol của axit clohidric
nHCl = \(\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Khối lượng của axit clohidric
mHCl = nHCl . MHCl
= 0,04 . 36,5
= 1,46 (g)
Khối lượng của dung dịch axit clohidric cần dùng
C0/0HCl = \(\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{m_{dd}}\Rightarrow m_{dd}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{C}=\dfrac{1,46.100}{3,65}=40\) (g)
a, PT: \(4M+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2M_2O_3\)
Ta có: \(n_M=\dfrac{10,8}{M_M}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{M_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{2M_M+16.3}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_M=2n_{M_2O_3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{10,8}{M_M}=2.\dfrac{20,4}{2M_M+16.3}\)
\(\Rightarrow M_M=27\left(g/mol\right)\)
→ M là Nhôm (Al)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{20\%}=33,6\left(l\right)\)
c, PT: \(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2}{2}=0,6\left(l\right)\)
d, PT: \(Al_2O_3+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaAlO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Al_2O_3}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16}{25\%}=64\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{64}{1,25}=51,2\left(ml\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Fe_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.400=40\left(g\right)\)
\(b,V_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,15}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4.8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2
\(m_{MgSO_4}=0,2.120=24\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0,2.24,79=4,958\left(l\right)\)
\(c,C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
\(d,C_{M\left(MgSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,1}{27}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,3 0,45 0,15 0,45
\(V_{H_2}=0,45.24,79=11,1555\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,45.98=44,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{44,1}{300}.100\%=14,7\%\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,15.342=51,3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=8,1+300-\left(0,45.2\right)=307,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{51,3}{307,2}.100\%\approx16,7\%\)
Bài 5 :
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,2}=2\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(FeCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,2}=1\left(M\right)\)
a) $Fe_3O_4 + 4H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 3Fe + 4H_2O$
$n_{Fe_3O_4} = \dfrac{23,2}{232} = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{H_2} = 4n_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,4(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(lít)$
b) $n_{Fe} = 3n_{Fe_3O_4} = 0,3(mol)$
$m_{Fe} = 0,3.56 = 16,8(gam)$
Fe3O4+4H2-to>3Fe+4H2O
0,1--------0,4-----0,3
n Fe3O4=\(\dfrac{23,2}{232}\)=0,1 mol
=>VH2=0,4.22,4=8,96l
=>m Fe=0,3.56=16,8g