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1.
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(n_{KClO3}=\frac{9,8}{122,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O2}=\frac{3}{2}n_{KClO3}=\frac{3}{2}.0,08=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O2}=0,12.22,4=2,688\left(l\right)\)
2.
\(a,2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
\(b,n_{O2}=\frac{33,6}{22,4}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{KMnO4}=2n_{O2}=2.1,5=3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO4}=3.158=474\left(g\right)\)
3.
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{^{to}}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
1____________________________0,5
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{^{to}}2KCl+3O_2\left(1\right)\)
1____________________1,5
Đặt \(n_{KMnO4}=n_{KClO3}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O2\left(1\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
\(V_{O2\left(2\right)}=1,5.22,4=33,6\left(l\right)\)
Vậy nung KClO3 sẽ cho thể tích oxi nhiều hơn.
Câu 6.
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{16,8}{22,4}=0,75mol\)
\(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
1,5 0,75
\(m_{KMnO_4}=1,5\cdot158=237g\)
Câu 7.
\(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{4,64}{232}=0,02mol\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
0,04 0,02
\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)
\(\dfrac{2}{75}\) 0,04
\(m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{75}\cdot122,5=\dfrac{49}{15}\approx3,27g\)
\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
4P + 5O2 ----> 2P2O5
0,24 -> 0,3 ---> 0,12 (mol)
nP = \(\dfrac{7,44}{31}\)= 0,24 (mol)
VH2 = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (l)
2KClO3 ---> 2KCl + 3O2
0,2 <------------- 0,3 (mol)
mKClO3 = 0,2 . (39 + 35,5 + 16.3)
= 24,5 (g)
Vui lòng kiểm tra lại kết quả dùm, thank you.
nP = 7,44 : 31 = 0,24 ( mol)
pthh : 4P + 5O2 -t--> 2P2O5
0,24->0,3 (mol)
=> VO2 =0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (l)
pthh : 2KClO3 -t--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,2<-------------------0,3 (mol)
=> mKClO3 = 0,2 .122,5 = 24,5 (g)
Bài 2:
a) nK=7,8/39=0,2(mol)
PTHH: 4K + O2 -to-> 2 K2O
nK2O=2/4 . 0,2=0,1(mol) =>mK2O=94.0,1=0,4(g)
nO2=1/4. 0,2=0,05(mol) => V(O2,đktc)=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)
b) PTHH: 2 KMnO4 -to-> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
nKMnO4= 2.0,05=0,1(mol) => mKMnO4=158.0,1=15,8(g)
Bài 3:
nSO2=1,12/22,4=0,05(mol)
nCa(OH)2=5,18/74=0,07(mol)
Vì 1< nCa(OH)2/nSO2=0,07/0,05=1,4<2
=> Sp thu được là muối trung hòa duy nhất, Ca(OH)2 dư
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + SO2 -> CaSO3 + H2O (1)
0,05_________0,05_____0,05(mol)
b) mCaSO3=0,05.120=6(g)
mCa(OH)2 (dư)=74. (0,07-0,05)= 1,48(g)
Cảm ơn bạn @anayuiky đã nhắc lỗi sai. Mình sửa lại ý c):
PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
Theo phương trình \(n_{KMnO_4}=n_{O_2}.2=0,25.2=0,5mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,5.\left(39+55+16.4\right)=79g\)
a. \(n_{H_2}=\frac{V}{22,4}=\frac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5mol\)
\(n_{O_2}=\frac{V}{22,4}=\frac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45mol\)
PTHH: \(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2H_2O\)
Ban đầu: 0,5 0,45 mol
Trong pứng: 0,5 0,25 0,5 mol
Sau pứng: 0 0,2 0,5 mol
\(\rightarrow M_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=n.M=0,2.32=6,4g\)
b. Theo phương trình \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,5mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2O}=n.M=0,5.18=9g\)
c. PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\rightarrow^{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
0,9 0,45 mol
\(\rightarrow n_{KMnO_4}=\frac{2}{1}n_{O_2}=\frac{0,45.2}{1}=0,9mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=0,9.158=142,2g\)
Bài 1:
a, \(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}SO_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_S=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{SO_2}=n_S=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{SO_2}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{O_2}=n_S=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
Bài 2:
a, \(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[MnO_2]{^{t^o}}2KCl+3O_2\)
b, Bạn xem lại đề nhé, pư không tạo thành MnO2.
Bài 3:
a, \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Cu}=0,1.64=6,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2O}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2O}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
d, \(n_{CuO}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{2}< \dfrac{0,45}{1}\) => H2 hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
0,5-->0,25----->0,5
=> \(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,45-0,25\right).32=6,4\left(g\right)\)
b) \(m_{H_2O}=0,5.18=9\left(g\right)\)
c)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 --to--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
0,5<-----------------------------------0,25
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=0,5.158=79\left(g\right)\)
a)PTHH:2KClO\(_3\)➞\(^{t^o}\)2KCl+3O\(_2\)
b) n\(_{KClO_3}\)=\(\dfrac{m_{KClO_3}}{M_{KClO_3}}\)=\(\dfrac{12,15}{122,5}\)\(\approx\)0,1(m)
PTHH : 2KClO\(_3\) ➞\(^{t^o}\) 2KCl + 3O\(_2\)
tỉ lệ : 2 2 3
số mol : 0,1 0,1 0,15
V\(_{O_2}\)=n\(_{O_2}\).22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36(l)
c)PTHH : 2Zn + O\(_2\) -> 2ZnO
tỉ lệ : 2 1 2
số mol :0,3 0,15 0,3
m\(_{Zn}\)=n\(_{Zn}\).M\(_{Zn}\)=0,3.65=19,5(g)
4.
nO2 = 1,5 mol
2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
⇒ mKMnO4 = 3.158 = 474 (g)
2.
2HgO → 2Hg + O2
⇒ phản ứng phân hủy
nHgO = 0,1 mol
⇒ mHg = 0,1.201 = 20,1 (g)
⇒ VO2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)