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Ta có nhận xét sau:
\(\dfrac{x+2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{1}{x^2\left(y+z\right)}+\dfrac{2}{x^3\left(y+z\right)}=\dfrac{yz}{zx+xy}+\dfrac{2\left(yz\right)^2}{zx+xy}\)
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại
Ta đặt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=xy\\b=yz\\c=zx\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow abc=1\) và \(a,b,c>0\)
Biểu thức P trở thành:
\(P=\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}+2\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\)
Dễ thấy:
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\) (Nesbit)
\(\Sigma_{cyc}\dfrac{a^2}{b+c}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Do đó:
\(P\ge\dfrac{3}{2}+2.\dfrac{3}{2}=\dfrac{9}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
a: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}=5\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\dfrac{8}{y}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{11}{y}=11\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{4}{y}=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}=-3+\dfrac{4}{y}=-3+4=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{12}{x-3}-\dfrac{5}{y+2}=63\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{36}{x-3}-\dfrac{15}{y+2}=189\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{44}{x-3}=176\\\dfrac{8}{x-3}+\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3=\dfrac{1}{4}\\\dfrac{15}{y+2}=-13-\dfrac{8}{x-3}=-13-32=-45\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{13}{4}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}-2=-\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{a};\dfrac{1}{b};\dfrac{1}{c}\right)\Rightarrow abc=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2bc}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab^2c}{c+a}+\dfrac{abc^2}{a+b}=\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\)
\(P=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{ac+bc}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.
ĐK: \(x\ne3;x\ne-2\)
\(\dfrac{5}{x-3}+\dfrac{3}{x+2}\le\dfrac{3+2x}{x^2-x-6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x-3\right)}{x^2-x-6}\le\dfrac{3+2x}{x^2-x-6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{8x+1-3-2x}{x^2-x-6}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{6x-2}{x^2-x-6}\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2\ge0\\x^2-x-6< 0\end{matrix}\right.\) hoặc \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2\le0\\x^2-x-6>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2\ge0\\x^2-x-6< 0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge\dfrac{1}{3}\\-2< x< 3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}\le x< 3\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2\le0\\x^2-x-6>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{3}\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>3\\x< -2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x< -2\)
Vậy ...
2.
ĐK: \(x\ne\pm2\)
\(\dfrac{1}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{2}{x+2}>-\dfrac{3}{x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)}{x^2-4}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5x+3}{x^2-4}>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+3>0\\x^2-4>0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+3< 0\\x^2-4< 0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{3}{5}< x< 2\\x< -2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
a: ĐKXĐ: \(\left(2x^2-5x+2\right)\left(x^3+1\right)< >0\)
=>(2x-1)(x-2)(x+1)<>0
hay \(x\notin\left\{\dfrac{1}{2};2;-1\right\}\)
b: ĐKXĐ: x+5<>0
=>x<>-5
c: ĐKXĐ: x4-1<>0
hay \(x\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
d: ĐKXĐ: \(x^4+2x^2-3< >0\)
=>\(x\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
Bài 1:
\(\left(x+4\right)\left(y+3\right)=3\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+4=3\\y+3=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3-4\\y=3-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(x=-1;y=0\)
b) \(\dfrac{4}{3}-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)=\left|-\dfrac{3}{10}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right|-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{3}-x+\dfrac{1}{5}=\left|\dfrac{1}{5}\right|-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{3}-x+\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{3}-x=-\dfrac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=-\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{4}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
(x+4)(y+3) =3 = 1.3 = 3.1 =(-1)(-3)=(-3)(-1)