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\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3-2}{3.2}+\dfrac{4-3}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{100-99}{100.99}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+....+\dfrac{1}{99}-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{100}\)
\(A=\dfrac{99}{100}\)
\(2B=\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+....+\dfrac{2}{2007.2009}+\dfrac{2}{2009..2011}\)
\(2B=\dfrac{3-1}{1.3}+\dfrac{5-3}{3,5}+...+\dfrac{2009-2007}{2009.2007}+\dfrac{2011-2009}{2011.2009}\)
\(2B=\dfrac{3}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{2007}-\dfrac{1}{2009}+\dfrac{1}{2009}-\dfrac{1}{2011}\)
\(2B=1-\dfrac{1}{2011}\)
\(2B=\dfrac{2010}{2011}\)
\(B=\dfrac{2010}{4022}\)
a) A = {\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)| \(n\in\mathbb{N},1\le n\le5\)}
b) B = {\(\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\)|\(n\in\mathbb{N},2\le n\le6\)\(\)}
3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :
\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)
\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)
\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)
Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :
\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Bài 1:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)
Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
1: \(\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}>=\sqrt{ab}\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b-\sqrt{ab}\right)>=0\)
=>\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2>=0\)(luôn đúng)
Bài 2:
a: \(A=11+\dfrac{3}{13}-2-\dfrac{4}{7}-5-\dfrac{3}{13}\)
\(=4-\dfrac{4}{7}=\dfrac{24}{7}\)
b: \(B=6+\dfrac{4}{9}+3+\dfrac{7}{11}-4-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(=5+\dfrac{7}{11}=\dfrac{62}{11}\)
c: \(C=\dfrac{-5}{7}\left(\dfrac{2}{11}+\dfrac{9}{11}\right)+1+\dfrac{5}{7}=1\)
d: \(D=\dfrac{7}{10}\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot20\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}\)
\(=\dfrac{20}{10}\cdot7\cdot\dfrac{8}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{8}\cdot\dfrac{5}{28}=2\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Bài 1:
Biểu thức chỉ có giá trị lớn nhất, không có giá trị nhỏ nhất.
\(P=\frac{x}{x+1}+\frac{y}{y+1}+\frac{z}{z+1}=1-\frac{1}{x+1}+1-\frac{1}{y+1}+1-\frac{1}{z+1}\)
\(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\)
Giờ chỉ cần cho biến $x$ nhỏ vô cùng đến $0$, khi đó giá trị biểu thức trong ngoặc sẽ tiến đến dương vô cùng, khi đó P sẽ tiến đến nhỏ vô cùng, do đó không có min
Nếu chuyển tìm max thì em tìm như sau:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy_Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\geq \frac{(1+1+1)^2}{x+1+y+1+z+1}=\frac{9}{x+y+z+3}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Do đó: \(P=3-\left(\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{y+1}+\frac{1}{z+1}\right)\leq 3-\frac{9}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=\frac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Bài 2:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz :
\(\frac{1}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{1}{9}\frac{9}{(a+c)+(b+c)+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab}{b+c}+\frac{a}{2}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{bc}{b+3c+2a}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc}{b+a}+\frac{bc}{c+a}+\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(\frac{ac}{c+3a+2b}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ac}{c+b}+\frac{ac}{a+b}+\frac{c}{2}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}\leq \frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{b(a+c)}{a+c}+\frac{a(b+c)}{b+c}+\frac{c(a+b)}{a+b}+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\right)\)
hay \(\text{VT}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{6}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
Nice proof, nhưng đã quy đồng là phải thế này :v
\(BDT\Leftrightarrow\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)+\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)+\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}-a\right)+\dfrac{b^2-1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{b}-b\right)+\dfrac{c^2-1}{2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{c}-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4a}\right)+\left(b^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4b}\right)+\left(c^2-1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2c+\sqrt{a^2+3}}-\dfrac{1}{4c}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)\left(2a-\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)\left(2b-\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)\left(2c-\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a^2-1\right)^2}{a\left(2a+\sqrt{a^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(b^2-1\right)^2}{b\left(2b+\sqrt{b^2+3}\right)^2}+\dfrac{\left(c^2-1\right)^2}{c\left(2c+\sqrt{c^2+3}\right)^2}\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Khi \(f\left(t\right)=\sqrt{1+t}\) là hàm lõm trên \([-1, +\infty)\) ta có:
\(f(t)\le f(3)+f'(3)(t-3)\forall t\ge -1\)
Tức là \(f\left(t\right)\le2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(t-3\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}t\forall t\ge-1\)
Áp dụng BĐT này ta có:
\(\sqrt{a^2+3}=a\sqrt{1+\dfrac{3}{a^2}}\le a\left(\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a^2}\right)=\dfrac{5}{4}a+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\sqrt{b^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}b+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{b};\sqrt{c^2+3}\le\dfrac{5}{4}c+\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{c}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VP\le\dfrac{5}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)=2\left(a+b+c\right)=VT\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{30}+...+\dfrac{1}{2450}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+...+\dfrac{1}{49.50}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}-...+\dfrac{1}{49}-\dfrac{1}{50}\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{5}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}\right)-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-2.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{6}+..+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(A=\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{49}+\dfrac{1}{50}\right)-\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{25}\right)\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{26}+\dfrac{1}{27}+\dfrac{1}{28}+...+\dfrac{1}{50}=B\)
\(\Rightarrow A:B=1\)