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Các PTHH minh họa:
1. Acid + kim loại → Muối + hydrogen
\(H_2SO_4+Mg\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
2. Acid + oxide base → Muối + nước
\(2HCl+Na_2O\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O\)
3. Acid + base → Muối + nước
\(H_2SO_4+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2H_2O\)
4. Acid + muối → Muối + acid
\(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow2HCl+BaSO_4\downarrow\)
\(a)K_2O+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+H_2O\\ CaO+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O\\ Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\\Al\left(OH\right)_3+3HCl\rightarrow AlCl_3+3H_2O\\ b)K_2O+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+H_2O\\ CaO+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+H_2O\\ Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\\ 2KOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow K_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\\2 Al\left(OH\right)_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6H_2O\)
\(c)3K_2O+2H_3PO_4\rightarrow2K_3PO_4+3H_2O\\ 3CaO+2H_3PO_4\rightarrow Ca_3\left(PO_4\right)_2+3H_2O\\Al_2O_3+2H_3PO_4\rightarrow2AlPO_4+3H_2O\\ 2KOH+H_3PO_4\rightarrow K_3PO_4+2H_2O\\ 3Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2H_3PO_4\rightarrow Ca_3\left(PO_4\right)_2+6H_2O\\ Al\left(OH\right)_3+H_3PO_4\rightarrow AlPO_4+3H_2O\)
Trong 1 mol acetic acid:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_C=60.40\%=24\left(g\right)\\m_H=60.6,67\%=4\left(g\right)\\m_O=60-24-4=32\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=\dfrac{24}{12}=2\left(mol\right)\\n_H=\dfrac{4}{1}=4\left(mol\right)\\n_O=\dfrac{32}{16}=2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy CTHH là \(C_2H_4O_2\)
\(m_H=\dfrac{1.100,5}{100}=1\left(g\right)1\Rightarrow n_H=\dfrac{1}{1}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Cl}=\dfrac{35,32.100,5}{100}=35,5\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Cl}=\dfrac{35,5}{35,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_O=\dfrac{63,68.100,5}{100}=64\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_O=\dfrac{64}{16}=4\left(mol\right)\)
=> CTHH: HClO4
Ta có:
\(m_{HCl}=1000.10\%=100\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(HCl\right)37,23\%}=\frac{100}{37,23\%}=268,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\frac{268,6}{1,19}=225,71\left(ml\right)\)
nZn=0,2 mol
Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2 0,2 ==> V=4,48l
mHCl=0,4.36,5=14,6g
Theo định luật bảo toàn khối lượng:
mAl + mHCl = mAlCl3 + mH2
Hay 10,8 + mHCl = 133,5 + 1,8
--> mHCl = 124,5 (g)
BTKL:mAl+mHCl=mAlCl3+H2
10,8+mHCl=133,5+1,8
=>mHCl=(133,5+1,8)-10,8=124,5gam
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\\ n_{HCl}=n_{NaCl}=n_{NaOH}=1,5.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{HCl}=0,15.36,5=5,475\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{NaCl}=58,5.0,15=8,775\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=1,19.500.10=5950g\\ m_{ddHCl\left(37,23\%\right)}=\dfrac{5950}{37,23\%}=159,8g\\ V_{HCl}=159,8:1,19:1,19=112,86ml\)
vậy chọn A
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