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vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
\(\frac{150}{5.8}+\frac{150}{8.11}+\frac{150}{11.14}+.....+\frac{150}{47.50}\)
\(=50.\left(\frac{3}{5.8}+\frac{5}{8.11}+.....+\frac{3}{47.50}\right)\)
\(=50.\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{8}+\frac{1}{8}-\frac{1}{11}+......+\frac{1}{47}-\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=50.\left(\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{50}\right)\)
\(=50.\frac{9}{50}=9\)
a; A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{6^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\))
A = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\))
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\); ...; \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
nên A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4.}\)(1 + \(\dfrac{1}{1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{n-1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(1 + 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Ta có:
\(1^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\frac{1}{2}.\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(2^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(3^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(3^2-3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3^2+3+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(4^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(4^2-4+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(4^2+4+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
...
\(19^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(19^2-19+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(19^2+19+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(20^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(20^2-20+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20^2+20+\frac{1}{2}\right)=\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
=> \(\frac{\left(1^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(3^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(5^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(19^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}{\left(2^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(4^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)\left(6^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)...\left(20^4+\frac{1}{4}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(342+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(6+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(12+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(20+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(380+\frac{1}{2}\right).\left(420+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{2}}{420+\frac{1}{2}}=\frac{1}{841}\)
a)(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)-abc=a(ab+bc+ac)+b(ab+bc+ac)+c(ab+bc+ac)-abc
=a2b+abc+a2c+ab2+b2c+abc+abc+bc2+ac2-abc
=(abc+a2b)+(a2c+ac2)+(b2c+ab2)+(bc2+abc)+(abc-abc)
=ab(c+a)+ac(c+a)+b2(c+a)+bc(c+a)
=(ab+ac+b2+bc)(c+a)
=(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)
a) \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ac\right)-abc=a^2b+abc+a^2c+ab^2+b^2c+abc+abc+c^2b+c^2a-abc\)
\(=a^2b+ab^2+b^2c+bc^2+c^2a+a^2c+2abc=b\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)\)
\(=b\left(a+c\right)^2+b^2\left(a+c\right)+ac\left(a+c\right)=\left(a+c\right)\left(ab+bc+b^2+ac\right)\)
\(=\left(a+c\right)\left[b\left(a+b\right)+c\left(a+b\right)\right]=\left(a+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
b) \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{a+b+c}\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)=abc\Leftrightarrow\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\left(a+b+c\right)-abc=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)=0\)(áp dụng từ câu a) )
\(\Rightarrow a+b=0\)hoặc \(b+c=0\)hoặc \(c+a=0\)
Đặt \(a^{2n+1}=x;b^{2n+1}=y;c^{2n+1}=z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=\frac{1}{x+y+z}\Leftrightarrow\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\left(x+y+z\right)-xyz=0\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)=0\)( áp dụng câu a) )
\(\Rightarrow x+y=0\)hoặc \(y+z=0\)hoặc \(z+x=0\)
- Với \(x+y=0\Leftrightarrow a^{2n+1}+b^{2n+1}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right).A=0\)với A là một đa thức
Mà ta lại có \(a+b=0\left(cmt\right)\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\frac{1}{a^{2n+1}}+\frac{1}{b^{2n+1}}=0\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}=\frac{1}{c^{2n+1}}\)(luôn đúng)
Tương tự với các trường hợp còn lại, ta có điều phải chứng minh.
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