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a, \(n_{HNO_3}=0,3.1=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1.1=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2HNO_3+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2+2H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được HNO3 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HNO_3\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ nHNO3 (dư) = 0,3 - 0,2 = 0,1 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{HNO_3\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,3+0,1}=0,25\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,25.0,5=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Na_2CO_3+2HNO_3\rightarrow2NaNO_3+CO_2+H_2O\)
______0,05______0,1_______________0,05 (mol)
⇒ VCO2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 (l)
\(Na_2CO_3+Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2\rightarrow2NaNO_3+BaCO_{3\downarrow}\)
0,075________0,075_______________0,075 (mol)
⇒ mBaCO3 = 0,075.197 = 14,775 (g)
a)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,3.1,5=0,45\left(mol\right)\\n_{NaHCO_3}=1.0,3=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: Na2CO3 + HCl --> NaCl + NaHCO3
0,45-->0,45-------------->0,45
NaHCO3 + HCl --> NaCl + CO2 + H2O
0,15<----0,15---------->0,15
=> VCO2 = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)
b)
nNaHCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
Bảo toàn C: nBaCO3 = 0,6 (mol)
=> mBaCO3 = 0,6.197 = 118,2 (g)
Câu 2
a)
\(m_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=10-6=4\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(bd\right)}=0,2.2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: CuO + H2SO4 --> CuSO4 + H2O
0,05--->0,05------->0,05
=> nH2SO4(pư) < nH2SO4(bd)
=> CuO tan hết
=> mCuO = 4 (g)
\(\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{10}.100\%=40\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-40\%=60\%\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuSO_4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,35\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CuSO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,05}{0,2}=0,25M\\C_{M\left(H_2SO_4.dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,35}{0,2}=1,75M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{8,4}{84}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
0,1------->0,2-------->0,1-------->0,1
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\\a=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4M\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,m_{muối}=0,1.95=9,5\left(g\right)\)
Dung dịch A chứa CO32- (x mol) và HCO3- (y mol)
CO32- + H+ —> HCO3-
x…………x………….x
HCO3- + H+ —> CO2 + H2O
x+y…….0,15-x
Dung dịch B tạo kết tủa với Ba(OH)2 nên HCO3- dư, vậy nCO2 = 0,15 – x = 0,045 —> x = 0,105
HCO3- + OH- + Ba2+ —> BaCO3 + H2O
—> nBaCO3 = (x + y) – (0,15 – x) = 0,15 —> y = 0,09
—> a = 20,13 gam
$n_{NaOH} = 0,2.1 = 0,2(mol) ; n_{Ba(OH)_2} = 0,2.0,5 = 0,1(mol)$
$n_{BaCO_3} = \dfrac{11,82}{197} = 0,06(mol)$
Thứ tự phản ứng là : (từ trên xuống dưới)
\(CO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\text{→}BaCO_3+H_2O\)
0,1 0,1 0,1 (mol)
$\Rightarrow n_{BaCO_3\ bị\ hòa\ tan} = 0,1 - 0,06 = 0,04(mol)$
\(2NaOH+CO_2\text{→}Na_2CO_3+H_2O\)
0,2 0,1 0,1 (mol)
\(Na_2CO_3+CO_2+H_2O\text{→}2NaHCO_3\)
0,1 0,1 (mol)
\(BaCO_3+CO_2+H_2O\text{→}Ba\left(HCO_3\right)_2\)
0,04 0,04 (mol)
Suy ra: $n_{CO_2} = 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,1 + 0,04 = 0,34(mol)$
$V = 0,34.22,4 = 7,616(lít)$
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaOH}=1.0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{BaCO_3}=\dfrac{11,82}{197}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
TH1: Kết tủa không bị hòa tan
PTHH: Ba(OH)2 + CO2 --> BaCO3 + H2O
_____________0,06<------0,06
=> VCO2 = 0,06.22,4 = 1,344(l)
TH2: Kết tủa bị hòa tan 1 phần
PTHH: Ba(OH)2 + CO2 --> BaCO3 + H2O
_______0,1----->0,1------->0,1
2NaOH + CO2 --> Na2CO3 + H2O
_0,2---->0,1------->0,1
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O --> 2NaHCO3
_0,1----->0,1
BaCO3 + CO2 + H2O --> Ba(HCO3)2
0,04--->0,04
=> nCO2 = 0,34 (mol)
=> VCO2 = 0,34.22,4 = 7,616(l)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{HCl}=\dfrac{109,5\cdot10\%}{100\%}=10,95\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10,95}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ \text{Vì }\dfrac{n_{Mg}}{1}< \dfrac{n_{HCl}}{2}\text{ nên sau p/ứ }HCl\text{ dư}\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,1\cdot22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
\(b,n_{MgCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{MgCl_2}}=0,1\cdot95=9,5\left(g\right)\\ m_{H_2}=0,1\cdot2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{dd_{MgCl_2}}=2,4+109,5-0,2=111,7\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{9,5}{111,7}\cdot100\%\approx8,5\%\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{10\%.109,5}{36,5}=0,3\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=\dfrac{2,4}{24}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,3}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,3-0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(đkc\right)}=24,79.0,1=2,479\left(l\right)\\ b,ddA:HCl\left(dư\right),MgCl_2\\ m_{ddA}=2,4+109,5-0,1.2=111,7\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{111,7}.100\%\approx3,268\%;C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.95}{111,7}.100\%\approx8,505\%\)
a, \(\text{nHNO3=0,3 mol}\)
\(\text{nBa(OH)2=0,15 mol }\)
Ba(OH)2+2HNO3\(\rightarrow\)Ba(NO3)2+2H2O
\(\rightarrow\) dd X chỉ gồm 0,15 mol Ba(NO3)2
CM Ba(NO3)2= \(\frac{0,15}{0,4}\)= 0,375M
\(\text{b, nNa2CO3=0,25.0,5=0,125 mol}\)
Dung dịch X chỉ có 1 muối nên ko thu đc CO2, V=0
Ba(NO3)2+Na2CO3\(\rightarrow\)BaCO3+2NaNO3
\(\rightarrow\)\(\text{nBaCO3=nNa2CO3=0,125 mol}\)
=> mBaCO3=0,125.197= 24,625g