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1) 2( a2 + b2 ) ≥ ( a + b)2
<=> 2a2 + 2b2 - a2 - 2ab - b2 ≥ 0
<=> a2 - 2ab + b2 ≥ 0
<=> ( a - b )2 ≥ 0 ( luôn đúng )
=> đpcm
2) Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho 2 số dương x , y , ta có :
a + b ≥ \(2\sqrt{ab}\)
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ) ≥ \(2\sqrt{xy}\)2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x}.\dfrac{1}{y}}\)
=> ( x + y)( \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\)) ≥ 4
=> \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\) ≥ \(\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=4\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4bc-4ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=4a^2+4b^2+4c^2-4ab-4bc-4ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=a^2-2ab+b^2+b^2-2bc+c^2+c^2-2ac+a^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\)
Mà \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\\\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2=0\\\left(b-c\right)^2=0\\\left(c-a\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{\begin{matrix}a=b\\b=c\\c=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a=b=c\) ( đpcm )
P/s : bài này khá khó nên mình thử thôi !
Không mất tính tổng quát , ta giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Đặt \(M=ab+bc+ca-12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(N=a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\)
Ta có : \(ab+ac+bc\ge a\left(b+c\right)\)hay \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\le a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge N\)
Tiếp , ta sẽ chứng minh \(N\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)\left\{1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\right\}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3a\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[1-3a\left(b+c\right)\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đặt x = a ; y = b + c ta có : \(x+y=1\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức AM - GM , ta có :
\(12xy\left(1-3xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.12xy\left(4-12xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{12xy+4-12xy}{2}\right)^2=1\)
=> Bất đẳng thức ( 1 ) luôn đúng
\(\Rightarrow N\ge0\)
Vậy \(M\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra với bộ \(\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{6};\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{6};0\right)\)và các hoán vị của chúng .
WLOG: \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
Let \(p=a+b+c;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\) so p = 1; \(r\ge0\)and \(3\ge q\ge ab\left(\text{vì }c\ge0\right)\)
Need: \(q\ge12\left(p^3-3pq+3r\right)\left(q^2-2pr\right)\)
Have: \(VP=12\left(1-3q+3r\right)\left(q^2-2r\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(1-3q+3r\right).18\left(q^2-2r\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left[1-3q+3r+18\left(q^2-2r\right)\right]=\frac{1}{6}\left[18q^2-3q+1-33r\right]\)
\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left(18q^2-3q+1\right)=3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)
Hence, we need to prove: \(q\ge3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3q^2-\frac{3}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{6}\le q\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Which it is obvious because:
\(q=ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(q-\frac{1}{6}=ab+bc+ca-\frac{1}{6}=ab+c-\frac{1}{6}+c\left(a+b-1\right)\)\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+1-\left(a+b\right)-c\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
1) Ta có a2 + b2 + c2 = ab + bc + ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 = 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2a2 + 2b2 + 2c2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca = 0
=> (a2 - 2ab + b2) + (b2 - 2bc + c2) + (a2 - 2ac + c2) = 0
=> (a - b)2 + (b - c)2 + (a - c)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a-b=0\\b-c=0\\a-c=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=b\\b=c\\a=c\end{cases}}\Rightarrow a=b=c\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
a^2 + b^2 + c^2 = ab + bc + ca
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2ac - 2bc = 0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 = 0
<=> a-b = 0 và b-c=0 và c-a=0
<=> a=b=c
a^2/b+c + b^2/a+c + c^2=a+b
= a(a/b+c) + b(b/a+c) + c(c/a+b)
= a(a/b+c + 1 - 1) + b(b/a+c + 1 - 1) + c(c/a+b + 1 - 1)
= a(a+b+c/b+c) - a + b(a+b+c/a+c) - b + c(a+b+c/a+b) - c
= (a+b+c)(a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b) - (A+b+c)
mà a/b+c + b/a+c + c/a+b = 1
= a+b+c - (a+b+c)
= 0