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\(a^3+2b^3+c^3\ge b^2\left(a+c\right)+b\left(a^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3+2b^3+c^3-b^2\left(a+c\right)-b\left(a^2+c^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3+b^3-b^2a-ab^2\right)+\left(c^3+b^3-b^2c-bc^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)\left(b-c\right)^2\ge0\)( đúng )
Vậy ta có ĐPCM
\(sigma\frac{a^2+b^2}{ab\left(a+b\right)^3}\ge sigma\frac{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(a^3+b^3\right)}=sigma\frac{1}{2\left(a^3+b^3\right)}\ge\frac{9}{4\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
1a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{3}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
2a)\(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-ab+\dfrac{b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}b\cdot a+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\dfrac{1}{2}b\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b)Đã cm
c)\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2\ge2ab+2a+2b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=1
Ý 3 bạn bỏ dòng áp dụng....ta có nhé
\(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge a\left(b+c+d\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a^2}{4}-2.\frac{a}{2}b+b^2\right)+\left(\frac{a^2}{4}-2.\frac{a}{2}c+c^2\right)+\)\(\left(\frac{a^2}{4}-2.\frac{a}{d}d+d^2\right)+\frac{a^2}{4}\ge0\forall a;b;c;d\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{2}-b\right)+\left(\frac{a}{2}-c\right)+\)\(\left(\frac{a}{2}-d\right)^2+\frac{a^2}{4}\ge0\forall a;b;c;d\)( luôn đúng )
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=d=0
6) Sai đề
Sửa thành:\(x^2-4x+5>0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+1>0\)
7) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(a+b\ge2.\sqrt{ab}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{ab}{a+b}\le\frac{ab}{2.\sqrt{ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{cb}{c+b}\le\frac{cb}{2.\sqrt{cb}}=\frac{\sqrt{cb}}{2}\)
\(\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{ca}{2.\sqrt{ca}}=\frac{\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c
Cộng vế với vế của các BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+b}+\frac{bc}{b+c}+\frac{ca}{c+a}\le\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2}\le\frac{\frac{a+b}{2}+\frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}}{2}=\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{4}=\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c
1)\(x^3+y^3\ge x^2y+xy^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\ge xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-xy+y^2\ge xy\) ( vì x;y\(\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2xy+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3\ge x^2y+xy^2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x=y
2) \(x^4+y^4\ge x^3y+xy^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4-x^3y+y^4-xy^3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3\left(x-y\right)-y^3\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\ge0\)( luôn đúng )
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> x=y
3) Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left(a-1\right)^2\ge0\forall a\Leftrightarrow a^2-2a+1\ge0\)\(\forall a\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\ge a\forall a\)
\(\left(b-1\right)^2\ge0\forall b\Leftrightarrow b^2-2b+1\ge0\)\(\forall b\Leftrightarrow\frac{b^2}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\ge b\forall b\)
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)\(\forall a;b\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2}{2}+\frac{b^2}{2}\ge ab\forall a;b\)
Cộng vế với vế của các bất đẳng thức trên ta được:
\(a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=1
4) \(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[a^2-2.a.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]\)\(+\left[b^2-2.b.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]\)\(+\left[c^2-2.c.\frac{1}{2}+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\right]\ge0\forall a;b;c\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)\(+\left(b-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\)\(+\left(c-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b;c\)( luôn đúng)
Dấu " = " xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1/2
ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=1\Rightarrow-1\le|a|\le1.\),tương tự với b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow abc+\left(a+b+c+ab+ac+bc+1\right)\ge0.\left(1\right)\)
Ta thấy \(\left(a+b+c+1\right)^2=a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ac+2a+2b+2c+1.\)
\(=2+2a+2b+2c+2ab+2bc+2ac\)
\(=2\left(1+a+b+c+ab+ac+bc\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow1+a+b+c+ab+bc+ac\ge0\left(2\right)\)
Cộng vế theo vế của (1) và (2) Suy ra \(abc+2\left(1+a+b+c+ab+ac+bc\right)\ge0\left(đpcm\right)\)
P/s : bài này khá khó nên mình thử thôi !
Không mất tính tổng quát , ta giả sử : \(a\ge b\ge c\)
Đặt \(M=ab+bc+ca-12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
\(N=a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\)
Ta có : \(ab+ac+bc\ge a\left(b+c\right)\)hay \(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\le a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow M\ge N\)
Tiếp , ta sẽ chứng minh \(N\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)-12\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\left[a^2\left(b+c\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)\left\{1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3+\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\right\}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[a^3\left(b+c\right)^3\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^3-3a\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-12a\left(b+c\right)\left[1-3a\left(b+c\right)\right]\ge0\left(1\right)\)
Đặt x = a ; y = b + c ta có : \(x+y=1\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{1}{4}\)
Theo bất đẳng thức AM - GM , ta có :
\(12xy\left(1-3xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}.12xy\left(4-12xy\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{12xy+4-12xy}{2}\right)^2=1\)
=> Bất đẳng thức ( 1 ) luôn đúng
\(\Rightarrow N\ge0\)
Vậy \(M\ge0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge12\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra với bộ \(\left(\frac{3+\sqrt{3}}{6};\frac{3-\sqrt{3}}{6};0\right)\)và các hoán vị của chúng .
WLOG: \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
Let \(p=a+b+c;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\) so p = 1; \(r\ge0\)and \(3\ge q\ge ab\left(\text{vì }c\ge0\right)\)
Need: \(q\ge12\left(p^3-3pq+3r\right)\left(q^2-2pr\right)\)
Have: \(VP=12\left(1-3q+3r\right)\left(q^2-2r\right)=\frac{2}{3}.\left(1-3q+3r\right).18\left(q^2-2r\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left[1-3q+3r+18\left(q^2-2r\right)\right]=\frac{1}{6}\left[18q^2-3q+1-33r\right]\)
\(\le\frac{1}{6}\left(18q^2-3q+1\right)=3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)
Hence, we need to prove: \(q\ge3q^2-\frac{1}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3q^2-\frac{3}{2}q+\frac{1}{6}\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{6}\le q\le\frac{1}{3}\)
Which it is obvious because:
\(q=ab+bc+ca\le\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(q-\frac{1}{6}=ab+bc+ca-\frac{1}{6}=ab+c-\frac{1}{6}+c\left(a+b-1\right)\)\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+1-\left(a+b\right)-c\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\)
\(=ab-\frac{1}{6}+\left[1-\left(a+b\right)\right]\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)