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Áp dụng giả thiết và một đánh giá quen thuộc, ta được: \(16\left(a+b+c\right)\ge\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{abc}=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{ab+bc+ca}\)hay \(\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\le\frac{8}{9}\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy cho ba số dương ta có \(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}=a+b+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}+\sqrt{\frac{a+c}{2}}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}}\)hay \(\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3\ge\frac{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}{2}\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{\left(a+b+2\sqrt{a+c}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có \(\frac{1}{\left(b+c+2\sqrt{b+a}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}\); \(\frac{1}{\left(c+a+2\sqrt{c+b}\right)^3}\le\frac{2}{27\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}\)
Cộng theo vế các bất đẳng thức trên ta được \(\frac{1}{\left(a+b+\sqrt{2\left(a+c\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(b+c+\sqrt{2\left(b+a\right)}\right)^3}+\frac{1}{\left(c+a+\sqrt{2\left(c+b\right)}\right)^3}\le\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)Phép chứng minh sẽ hoàn tất nếu ta chỉ ra được \(\frac{4\left(a+b+c\right)}{27\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\frac{1}{6\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a+b+c\right)\)
Đây là một đánh giá đúng, thật vậy: đặt a + b + c = p; ab + bc + ca = q; abc = r thì bất đẳng thức trên trở thành \(pq-r\ge\frac{8}{9}pq\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{9}pq\ge r\)*đúng vì \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}\); \(ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\))
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\left(\frac{1}{a},\frac{1}{b},\frac{1}{c}\right)=\left(x,y,z\right)\)
\(x+y+z\ge\frac{x^2+2xy}{2x+y}+\frac{y^2+2yz}{2y+z}+\frac{z^2+2zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge\frac{3xy}{2x+y}+\frac{3yz}{2y+z}+\frac{3zx}{2z+x}\)
\(\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{3}{9}xy\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{3xy}{2x+y}\le\frac{1}{3}\left[\left(x+2y\right)+\left(y+2z\right)+\left(z+2x\right)\right]=x+y+z\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=z
Bạn tham khảo tại đây:
Câu hỏi của Trần Hữu Ngọc Minh - Toán lớp 9 - Học toán với OnlineMath
Áp dụng BĐT Cosi ta được:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge3\sqrt{\frac{a^3\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)64}}=\frac{3a}{4}̸\)
Tương tự \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3b}{4}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{1+a}{8}+\frac{1+b}{8}\ge\frac{3c}{4}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng theo từng vế BĐT trên ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{a+b+c}{2}\)
Vì \(a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)do đó:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b=c
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}\)
Tương tự ta có: \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}\ge\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}\\\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{6a-b-c-2}{8}+\frac{6b-c-a-2}{8}+\frac{6c-a-b-2}{8}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{2}.\sqrt[3]{abc}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
bài 2 thì bạn áp dụng bdt cô si với lựa chọn điểm rơi hoặc bdt holder ( nó giống kiểu bunhia ngược ) . bai 1 thi ap dung cai nay \(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}>=\frac{1}{x+y}\) câu 1 khó hơn nhưng bạn biết lựa chọn điểm rơi với áp dụng bdt phụ kia là ok .
Bài 1:Đặt VT=A
Dùng BĐT \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\ge9\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)x,y,z>0\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán trên với x=a+c;y=b+a;z=2b ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{a+3b+2c}=\frac{ab}{\left(a+c\right)+\left(b+c\right)+2b}\le\frac{ab}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a+c}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{2b}\right)\)
Tương tự với 2 cái còn lại
\(A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{bc+ac}{a+b}+\frac{bc+ab}{a+c}+\frac{ab+ac}{b+c}\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{9}\left(a+b+c\right)+\frac{1}{18}\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{a+b+c}{6}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c
Bài 2:
Biến đổi BPT \(4\left(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\right)\ge3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(1+c\right)\left(1+a\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(1+a\right)\left(1+b\right)}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dự đoán điểm rơi xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(1+b\right)\left(1+c\right)}+\frac{1+b}{8}+\frac{1+c}{8}\ge\frac{3a}{4}\)
Tương tự suy ra
\(VT\ge\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)-3}{4}\ge\frac{2\cdot3\sqrt{abc}-3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng Côsi:
\(\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b+1}{8}+\frac{c+1}{8}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}.\frac{b+1}{8}.\frac{c+1}{8}}=\frac{3}{4}a\)
Tương tự: \(\frac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{c+1}{8}+\frac{a+1}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}b\)
\(\frac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{a+1}{8}+\frac{b+1}{8}\ge\frac{3}{4}c\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b+c+3\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}.1=\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{4}\)\(\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[2-\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}\right]+\left[2-\frac{c\left(2b-c\right)}{b\left(c+a\right)}\right]+\left[2-\frac{a\left(2c-a\right)}{c\left(a+b\right)}\right]\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{b^2+2ca}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{9}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schwarz, ta có :
\(\frac{b^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}\)( 1 )
\(\frac{ac}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{c^2}{c\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{a^2}{a\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b\left(a+b\right)}\) ( 2 )
\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\)
Cộng ( 1 ) với ( 2 ), ta được :
\(\frac{b^2+2ca}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{c^2+2ab}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{a^2+2bc}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\frac{1}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)}+\frac{2}{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^2\left(\frac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ac\right)}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)
không biết cách này ổn không
Ta có : \(\frac{b\left(2a-b\right)}{a\left(b+c\right)}=\frac{2-\frac{b}{a}}{\frac{c}{b}+1}\) ; tương tự :...
đặt \(\frac{a}{c}=x;\frac{b}{a}=y;\frac{c}{b}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
\(\Sigma\frac{2-y}{z+1}\le\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\Sigma xy^2+2\Sigma x^2+\Sigma xy\ge3\Sigma x+6\)( quy đồng khử mẫu )
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma\frac{x}{y}\ge\Sigma x\)( xyz = 1 ) ( luôn đúng )
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
\(=\)\(18\left(\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{1}+\frac{1}{1}\right)\)\(=\)\(18\frac{3}{1}\)\(>\)\(\left(9+5\sqrt{3}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)\(=\)\(0\)
Vậy\(18\frac{3}{1}\)\(>\)\(0\)
Chứng minh là \(18\frac{3}{1}\)\(>\)\(0\)là đúng
chúc bạn học tốt
Bất đẳng thức trên
<=> 
+ 1 + 
+ 1 + 
+ 1 ≥ 3
<=> 
+ 
+ 
≥ 3 (*)
Ta có: VT(*) ≥ 
Ta sẽ chứng minh: (a + 1)(b + 1)(c + 1) ≥ (ab + 1)(bc + 1)(ca + 1)
<=> abc + ab + bc + ca + a + b + c + 1
≥ a2b2c2 + abc(a + b + c) + ab + bc + ca + 1
<=> 3 ≥ a2b2c2 + 2abc (**)
Theo Cosi: 3 = a + b + c ≥ 3
=> ≤ 1 => abc ≤ 1
Vậy (**) đúng => (*) đúng.
Bài 1:Với \(ab=1;a+b\ne0\) ta có:
\(P=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3\left(ab\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4\left(ab\right)^2}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5\left(ab\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a^3+b^3}{\left(a+b\right)^3}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6\left(a+b\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^5}\)
\(=\frac{a^2+b^2-1}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2\right)}{\left(a+b\right)^4}+\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a+b\right)^2+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2-1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)+3\left(a^2+b^2\right)+6}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2+4\left(a^2+b^2\right)+4}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a^2+b^2+2ab\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=\frac{\left[\left(a+b\right)^2\right]^2}{\left(a+b\right)^4}=1\)
Bài 2: \(2x^2+x+3=3x\sqrt{x+3}\)
Đk:\(x\ge-3\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow2x^2-3x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x\sqrt{x+3}-x\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)-\sqrt{x+3}\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)\left(2x-\sqrt{x+3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+3}=x\\\sqrt{x+3}=2x\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+3=x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\\x+3=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\\4x^2-x-3=0\left(x\ge0\right)\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1+\sqrt{13}}{2}\\x=1\end{cases}\left(x\ge0\right)}\)
Bài 4:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(2\sqrt{ab}\le a+b\le1\Rightarrow b\le\frac{1}{4a}\)
Ta có: \(a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-\frac{a}{b}\le a^2-\frac{3}{4a}-4a^2=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{4a}\right)\)
\(=-\left(3a^2+\frac{3}{8a}+\frac{3}{8a}\right)\le-3\sqrt[3]{3a^2\cdot\frac{3}{8a}\cdot\frac{3}{8a}}=-\frac{9}{4}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)