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Câu 2 :
\(x-y=7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=7+y\)
*)
\(B=\dfrac{3\left(7+y\right)-7}{2\left(7+y\right)+y}-\dfrac{3y+7}{2y+7+y}\)
\(=\dfrac{21+3y-7}{14+3y}-\dfrac{3y+7}{3y+7}\)
\(=\dfrac{14y+3y}{14y+3y}-1\)
\(=1-1\)
\(=0\)
Vậy B = 0
2/ Ta có :
\(B=\dfrac{3x-7}{2x+y}-\dfrac{3y+7}{2y+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-\left(x-y\right)}{2x+y}-\dfrac{3y+\left(x-y\right)}{2y+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-x+y}{2y+x}-\dfrac{3y+x-y}{2y+x}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+y}{2x+y}-\dfrac{2y+x}{2y+x}\)
\(=1-1=0\)
Bài 1:
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+c}{c}=\dfrac{bk+dk}{dk}=\dfrac{\left(b+d\right)k}{dk}=\dfrac{b+d}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
b, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}=\dfrac{bk+dk}{b+d}=\dfrac{k\left(b+d\right)}{b+d}=k\) (1)
\(\dfrac{a-c}{b-d}=\dfrac{bk-dk}{b-d}=\dfrac{k\left(b-d\right)}{b-d}=k\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
c, Ta có: \(\dfrac{a-c}{a}=\dfrac{bk-dk}{bk}=\dfrac{k\left(b-d\right)}{bk}=\dfrac{b-d}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
d, Ta có: \(\dfrac{3a+5b}{2a-7b}=\dfrac{3bk+5b}{2bk-7b}=\dfrac{b\left(3k+5\right)}{b\left(2k-7\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{2k-7}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{3c+5d}{2c-7d}=\dfrac{3dk+5d}{2dk-7d}=\dfrac{d\left(3k+5\right)}{d\left(2k-7\right)}=\dfrac{3k+5}{2k-7}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
e, Sai đề
f, \(\left(\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\right)^{2012}=\left(\dfrac{bk-b}{dk-d}\right)^{2012}=\left[\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{d\left(k-1\right)}\right]^{2012}=\dfrac{b^{2012}}{d^{2012}}\)(1)
\(\dfrac{a^{2012}+b^{2012}}{c^{2012}+d^{2012}}=\dfrac{b^{2012}k^{2012}+b^{2012}}{d^{2012}k^{2012}+d^{2012}}=\dfrac{b^{2012}\left(k^{2012}+1\right)}{d^{2012}\left(k^{2012}+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^{2012}}{d^{2012}}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) \(\Rightarrowđpcm\)
1) Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{2010}=\dfrac{2010}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+2010}{b+c+2010+a}=1\)
\(\dfrac{2010}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=2010\);
\(\dfrac{c}{2010}=1\Rightarrow c=2010\);
\(\dfrac{b}{c}=1\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{2010}=1\Rightarrow b=2010\).
Vậy (a, b, c) = (2010; 2010; 2010)
3)
a) \(A=\sqrt{x+24}+\dfrac{4}{7}\)
Có: \(\sqrt{x+24}\ge0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+24}+\dfrac{4}{7}\ge\dfrac{4}{7}\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{4}{7}\forall x\in R\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+24}=0\Rightarrow x+24=0\Rightarrow x=-24\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\dfrac{4}{7}\Leftrightarrow x=-24\)
b) \(B=\sqrt{2x+\dfrac{4}{13}}-\dfrac{13}{191}\)
Có: \(\sqrt{2x+\dfrac{4}{13}}\ge0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2x+\dfrac{4}{13}}-\dfrac{13}{191}\ge-\dfrac{13}{191}\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge-\dfrac{13}{191}\forall x\in R\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x+\dfrac{4}{13}}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+\dfrac{4}{13}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=-\dfrac{4}{13}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{13}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(B=-\dfrac{13}{191}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{13}\)
4)
a) \(A=-\sqrt{x+\dfrac{5}{41}}+\dfrac{7}{12}\)
Có: \(\sqrt{x+\dfrac{5}{41}}\ge0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{x+\dfrac{5}{41}}\le0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{x+\dfrac{5}{41}}+\dfrac{7}{12}\le\dfrac{7}{12}\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\dfrac{7}{12}\forall x\in R\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+\dfrac{5}{41}}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+\dfrac{5}{41}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{41}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(A=\dfrac{7}{12}\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{5}{41}\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{-5}{13}-\sqrt{x-\dfrac{2}{3}}\)
Có: \(\sqrt{x-\dfrac{2}{3}}\ge0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{x-\dfrac{2}{3}}\le0\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{-5}{13}-\sqrt{x-\dfrac{2}{3}}\le\dfrac{-5}{13}\forall x\in R\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le\dfrac{-5}{13}\forall x\in R\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-\dfrac{2}{3}}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-\dfrac{2}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy GTLN của \(B=\dfrac{-5}{13}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
1
a) Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)
\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
2
b) Ta có : \(\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-1}{4}=\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Ta có dãy sau : \(\dfrac{-16}{48};\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48};\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) và \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) là :\(\dfrac{-15}{48};\dfrac{-14}{48};\dfrac{-13}{48}\)
1a ) Ta có : \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) < \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}\) < \(\dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Rightarrow\) ad < bc
1b ) Như trên
2b) \(\dfrac{-1}{3}\) = \(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) ; \(\dfrac{-1}{4}\) = \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
\(\dfrac{-16}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-15}{48}\) <\(\dfrac{-14}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-13}{48}\) < \(\dfrac{-12}{48}\)
Vậy 3 số hữu tỉ xen giữa là.................
Bài 2:
Đặt a/b=c/d=k
=>a=bk; c=dk
a: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk+b}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
\(\dfrac{c}{c+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)
Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)
b: \(\dfrac{7a^2+5ac}{7a^2-5ac}=\dfrac{7\cdot b^2k^2+5\cdot bk\cdot dk}{7\cdot b^2k^2-5\cdot bk\cdot dk}\)
\(=\dfrac{7b^2k^2+5bdk^2}{7b^2k^2-5bdk^2}=\dfrac{7b^2+5bd}{7b^2-5bd}\)(đpcm)
4/ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\\\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}\\\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{24}=k\) (đặt k)
Suy ra \(x=15k;y=20k;z=24k\)
Thay vào,ta có:
\(M=\dfrac{2.15k+3.20k+4.24k}{3.15k+4.20k+5.24k}=\dfrac{186k}{245k}=\dfrac{186}{245}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\)
Nên \(ab+ad< ab+bc\Rightarrow a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) (1)
Lại có \(ad+cd< bc+cd\Rightarrow d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) (2)
Từ (1), (2) và sử dụng tính chất "bắc cầu", ta được:
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
(Không dám chắc kết quả là đúng, bởi vì bạn viết đề sai rồi)
Ối nhầm đề nhé! Phải là "CMR nếu \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) thì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)
Câu 2:
Ta có: \(x^2=1\)
=>x=1 hoặc x=-1
=>x là số hữu tỉ
a.Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}-1=\dfrac{c}{d}-1\)
=>\(\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)(đpcm)
b.Vì\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}-1=\dfrac{b}{d}-1\)
=>\(\dfrac{a-c}{c}=\dfrac{b-d}{d}\)(đpcm)
a)\(\dfrac{a-b}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\)
=>\(\dfrac{a}{b}\) -1= \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) -1
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}\) - \(\dfrac{b}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c}{d}\) - \(\dfrac{d}{d}\)
=> \(\dfrac{a-b}{b}\) = \(\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}=2\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{2}=b\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{6}=\dfrac{b}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{b}{c}=3\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{3}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{6}=\dfrac{b}{3}=c=k\\ \Rightarrow a=6k;b=3k;c=k\)
\(\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}=\dfrac{6k+3k}{3k+k}=\dfrac{9k}{4k}=\dfrac{9}{4}\)