Tìm các số nguyên n biết
a) n + 1 chia hết cho n - 2
b) 2n + 1 chia hết cho n + 1
c) 3n + 2 chia hết cho n - 1
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a: \(n^3-2⋮n-2\)
=>\(n^3-8+6⋮n-2\)
=>\(6⋮n-2\)
=>\(n-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;3;-3;6;-6\right\}\)
=>\(n\in\left\{3;1;4;0;5;-1;8;-4\right\}\)
b: \(n^3-3n^2-3n-1⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^3+n^2+n-4n^2-4n-4+3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(3⋮n^2+n+1\)
=>\(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
mà \(n^2+n+1=\left(n+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>=\dfrac{3}{4}\forall n\)
nên \(n^2+n+1\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n+1=1\\n^2+n+1=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}n^2+n=0\\n^2+n-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}n\left(n+1\right)=0\\\left(n+2\right)\left(n-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow n\in\left\{0;-1;-2;1\right\}\)
a) Ta có :
\(n+1=n-2+3\)chia hết cho \(n-2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(3\)chia hết cho \(n-2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\(\left(n-2\right)\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
Mà \(Ư\left(3\right)=\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
Do đó :
\(n-2=1\Rightarrow n=1+2=3\)
\(n-2=-1\Rightarrow n=-1+2=1\)
\(n-2=3\Rightarrow n=3+2=5\)
\(n-2=-3\Rightarrow n=-3+2=-1\)
Vậy \(n\in\left\{3;1;5;-1\right\}\)
a, n + 1 chia hết cho n - 2
\(\Rightarrow n-2+3\) chia hết cho \(n-2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) 3 chia hết cho n - 2
\(\Rightarrow n-2\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
Mà \(Ư\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n-2\in\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{3;1;5;-1\right\}\)
\(a,n+3⋮n\)
mà \(n⋮n\Rightarrow n\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
\(b,2n+3⋮n\)
mà \(2n⋮n\Rightarrow n\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
\(c,3n-1⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow3n+3-2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(n+1\right)-2⋮n+1\)
\(\Rightarrow n+1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow n\in\left\{0;-2;1;-3\right\}\)