Cho a,b,c thoả mãn \(1\ge a,b,c\ge0\)
Chứng minh rằng \(a+b^2+c^3-ab-bc-ca\le1\)
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\(VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{c\left(a+b+c\right)+ab}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{b\left(a+b+c\right)+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{ac+ab+bc+c^2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{a^2+ac+ab+bc}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{ab+bc+b^2+ac}}\\ VT=\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{\dfrac{b^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{bc}{a+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2c^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ca}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{b+c}}{2}\\\sqrt{\dfrac{a^2b^2}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{ab}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+b}+\dfrac{ca}{a+b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{ca}{b+c}+\dfrac{ab}{b+c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{bc}{a+c}+\dfrac{ab}{a+c}\right)}{2}\\ \Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{a+b+c}{2}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(0\le a,b,c\le1\Rightarrow b\ge b^2;c\ge c^3\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b^2+c^3\le a+b+c\)
\(\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-b-a+ab\right)\left(1-c\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca-abc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+b+c-ab-bc-ca\le1-abc\le1\)
=> đpcm
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si cho hai số dương ta có:
(a2 + b2) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca) (1) (a2 + 1) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2a + 2b + 2c
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 ≥ 2(a + b + c) (2)
Cộng các vế của (1) và (2) ta có:
3 ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)
=> 3( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 12 => a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3.
Ta có: (a^3/b + ab ) + ( b^3/c + bc ) + ( c^3/a + ca)≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2) (CÔ SI)
<=>a^3/b + b^3/c + c^3/a +ab + bc + ac ≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2)
Vì a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca => a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3 (đpcm).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho hai số dương ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Cộng (1) với (2)
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) (đpcm).
Theo bđt Cauchy - Schwart ta có:
\(\text{Σ}cyc\frac{c}{a^2\left(bc+1\right)}=\text{Σ}cyc\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{b+\frac{1}{c}}\ge\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+a+b+c}\)\(=\frac{\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+3}\)
\(=\frac{\left(ab+bc+ca\right)^2}{abc\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+3a^2b^2c^2}\)
Đặt \(ab+bc+ca=x;abc=y\).
Ta có: \(\frac{x^2}{xy+3y^2}\ge\frac{9}{x\left(1+y\right)}\Leftrightarrow x^3+x^3y\ge9xy+27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(x^2-9y\right)+y\left(x^3-27y\right)\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Vậy BĐT đc CM. Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
a. Đề bài sai (thực chất là nó đúng 1 cách hiển nhiên nhưng "dạng" thế này nó sai sai vì ko ai cho kiểu này cả)
Ta có: \(abc=ab+bc+ca\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^2b^2c^2}\Rightarrow abc\ge27\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+5abc\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+5.27>>>>>8\)
b.
\(4=ab+bc+ca+abc=ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{ab.bc.ca}\le ab+bc+ca+\sqrt{\left(\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}\right)^3}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{3}}=t\Rightarrow t^3+3t^2-4\ge0\Rightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t+2\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t\ge1\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge3\Rightarrow a+b+c\ge\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge3\)
- TH1: nếu \(a+b+c\ge4\)
Ta có: \(ab+bc+ca=4-abc\le4\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(a+b+c\right)^2-2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)+5abc\ge4^2-2.4+0=8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(2;2;0\right)\) và các hoán vị)
- TH2: nếu \(3\le a+b+c< 4\)
Đặt \(a+b+c=p\ge3;ab+bc+ca=q;abc=r\)
\(P=p^2-2q+5r=p^2-2q+5\left(4-q\right)=p^2-7q+20\)
Áp dụng BĐT Schur:
\(4=q+r\ge q+\dfrac{p\left(4q-p^2\right)}{9}\Leftrightarrow q\le\dfrac{p^3+36}{4p+9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge p^2-\dfrac{7\left(p^3+36\right)}{4p+9}+20=\dfrac{3\left(4-p\right)\left(p-3\right)\left(p+4\right)}{4p+9}+8\ge8\)
(Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\))
Ta chứng minh:\(\sqrt{a+bc}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+bc\ge a^2+bc+2a\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge a^2+2a\sqrt{bc}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a\ge a\left(a+2\sqrt{bc}\right)\Leftrightarrow1\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\Leftrightarrow a+b+c\ge a+2\sqrt{bc}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b+c-2\sqrt{bc}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{b}-\sqrt{c}\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+bc}\ge a+\sqrt{bc}\)
CMTT\(\sqrt{b+ca}\ge b+\sqrt{ca}\)
\(\sqrt{c+ab}\ge c+\sqrt{ab}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{a+bc}+\sqrt{b+ca}+\sqrt{c+ab}\ge a+b+c+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}=1+\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}\)Vậy ......
(Dấu = xảy ra (=) a=b=c=1/3
Xét vế trái, ta có: \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ab}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{bc}+\frac{ab+bc+ca}{ca}\)(Do theo giả thiết thì ab + bc + bc = 1)
\(=\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+3\)
Khi đó, ta quy BĐT cần chứng minh về: \(\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\)\(\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{a^2}+1}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{b^2}+1}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{c^2}+1}\)\(=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+1}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+1}}{c}\)
Theo BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số dương, ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a^2+1}}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{a^2+ab+bc+ca}}{a}=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}{a}\)\(\le\frac{\frac{a+b+a+c}{2}}{a}=\frac{2a+b+c}{2a}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{\sqrt{b^2+1}}{b}\le\frac{2b+c+a}{2b}\)(2); \(\frac{\sqrt{c^2+1}}{c}\le\frac{2c+a+b}{2c}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a^2+1}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b^2+1}}{b}+\frac{\sqrt{c^2+1}}{c}\)\(\le\frac{2a+b+c}{2a}+\frac{2b+c+a}{2b}+\frac{2c+a+b}{2c}\)
\(=3+\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{c}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\right]\)
Đến đây, ta cần chứng minh \(\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{a}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)\)\(\ge3+\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\right]\ge3\)(Điều này hiển nhiên đúng vì theo BĐT Cauchy, ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2}\left[\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a}+\frac{b}{c}\right)+\left(\frac{c}{a}+\frac{c}{b}\right)\right]\)\(\ge\frac{1}{2}.6\sqrt[6]{\frac{a^2b^2c^2}{a^2b^2c^2}}=3\)
Vậy bất đẳng thức được chứng minh
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Vì \(0\le a;b;c\le1\) \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}b^2\le b\\c^3\le c\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b^2+c^3-ab-bc-ac\le a+b+c-ab-bc-ac\)
\(=\left(-1+a+b+c-ab-bc-ac+abc\right)-abc+1\)
\(=\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)-abc+1\)
Do \(1\ge a;b;c\ge0\) nên \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\le0\\-abc\le0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)-abc\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)-abc+1\le1\)
Hay \(a+b^2+c^3-ab-bc-ca\le1\)(đpcm)
Do\(1\ge a,b,c\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow b\ge b^2,c\ge c^3\)
Do đó: \(a+b^2+c^3-ab-bc-ca\le a+b+c-ab-bc-ca\)(1)
Vì \(1\ge a,b,c\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-ab-bc-ca+abc-1\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-ab-bc-ca\le1-abc\)
Mà \(abc\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-ab-bc-ca\le1\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm