Cho a,b,c thoa
a^2+b^2+c^2=3
cm: ab+bc+ca+a+b+c<=6
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Lời giải:
Đặt biểu thức đã cho là $P$
Do $a+b+c=6$ nên:
$P=\frac{ab}{2a+b}+\frac{bc}{2b+c}+\frac{ca}{2c+a}$
$2P=\frac{2ab}{2a+b}+\frac{2bc}{2b+c}+\frac{2ca}{2c+a}$
$=b-\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+c-\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+a-\frac{a^2}{2c+a}$
$=a+b+c-\left(\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+\frac{a^2}{2c+a}\right)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$\left(\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+\frac{a^2}{2c+a}\right)\geq \frac{(b+c+a)^2}{2a+b+2b+c+2c+a}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}$
Do đó: $2P\leq a+b+c-\frac{a+b+c}{3}=\frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=\frac{2}{3}.6=4$
$\Rightarrow P\leq 2$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
Lời giải:
Đặt biểu thức đã cho là $P$
Do $a+b+c=6$ nên:
$P=\frac{ab}{2a+b}+\frac{bc}{2b+c}+\frac{ca}{2c+a}$
$2P=\frac{2ab}{2a+b}+\frac{2bc}{2b+c}+\frac{2ca}{2c+a}$
$=b-\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+c-\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+a-\frac{a^2}{2c+a}$
$=a+b+c-\left(\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+\frac{a^2}{2c+a}\right)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
$\left(\frac{b^2}{2a+b}+\frac{c^2}{2b+c}+\frac{a^2}{2c+a}\right)\geq \frac{(b+c+a)^2}{2a+b+2b+c+2c+a}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}$
Do đó: $2P\leq a+b+c-\frac{a+b+c}{3}=\frac{2}{3}(a+b+c)=\frac{2}{3}.6=4$
$\Rightarrow P\leq 2$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{ab}{6+a-c}=\frac{ab}{a+b+c+a-c}=\frac{ab}{2a+b}\)
\(=\frac{ab}{a+a+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{ab}{a}+\frac{ab}{a}+\frac{ab}{b}\right)=\frac{1}{9}\left(2b+a\right)\)
Tương tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{bc}{6+b-a}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2c+b\right);\frac{ca}{6+c-b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(2a+c\right)\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT\le\frac{1}{9}\cdot3\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(a+b+c\right)=\frac{6}{3}=2\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=2\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ac\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b>c\\b+c>a\\a+c>b\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c\left(a+b\right)>c^2\\a\left(b+c\right)>a^2\\b\left(a+c\right)>b^2\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}c^2< bc+ac\\a^2< ab+ac\\b^2< ab+bc\end{cases}}\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2< 2\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
\(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a\left(a+b+c\right)+bc}=\frac{a-bc}{a^2+ab+bc+ca}=\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
\(=\left(a-bc\right)\sqrt{\frac{1}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+a\right)^2}}\le\frac{\frac{a-bc}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{\left(c+a\right)^2}}{2}=\frac{a-bc}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
Tương tự, ta có: \(\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}\le\frac{b-ca}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)\(;\)\(\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}+\frac{c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}\)
=> \(\frac{a-bc}{a+bc}+\frac{b-ca}{b+ca}+\frac{c-ab}{c+ab}\le\frac{a-bc+b-ca}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{b-ca+c-ab}{2\left(b+c\right)^2}+\frac{a-bc+c-ab}{2\left(c+a\right)^2}\)
\(\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{2\left(a+b\right)\left(1-c\right)}+\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}{2\left(b+c\right)\left(1-a\right)}+\frac{\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}{2\left(c+a\right)\left(1-b\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
ab+bc+ca \(\le\) a^2+b^2+c^2
<=> a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca \(\ge\) 0
<=> 2a^2 + 2b^2 + 2c^2 - 2ab - 2bc - 2ca \(\ge\) 0
<=> (a^2+b^2-2ab) + (b^2+c^2-2bc) + (c^2+a^2-2ca) \(\ge\)0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 \(\ge\)0, luôn đúng
a^2+b^2+c^2 < 2(ab+bc+ca)
<=> a^2+b^2+c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca < 0
<=> (a^2+b^2-2ab) + (b^2+c^2-2bc) + (c^2+a^2-2ca) - a^2 - b^2 - c^2 < 0
<=> (a-b)^2 + (b-c)^2 + (c-a)^2 - a^2 - b^2 - c^2 < 0, luôn đúng
Ta co đpcm
a,b,c > 0
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM : a2+b2 \(\ge\) 2ab , b2+c2 \(\ge\) 2bc , c2+a2 \(\ge\) 2ca
Cộng theo vế : 2(a2+b2+c2) \(\ge\) 2(ab+bc+ac) => a2+b2+c2 \(\ge\) ab+bc+ca
theo bđt tam giác : a+b > c =>c(a+b) > c2 =>ac+bc > c2
b+c>a => ab+ac > a2,a+c > b=>ab+bc > b2
Cộng theo vế : 2(ab+bc+ac) > a2+b2+c2
Ta có : \(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2ac-2bc\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-ac-bc\ge0\)
\(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+ac+bc\)(1)
Ta cũng có : \(\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2-2\left(a+b+c\right)+3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}{2}\ge a+b+c\)(2)
Cộng vế với vế ta được :
\(ab+bc+ac+a+b+c\le a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+3}{2}=3+\frac{3+3}{2}=6\)