Tìm GTLN của xy biết \(x+y=\sqrt{k}\) với x, y, k > 0
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Cho x,y,z >0 thỏa mãn x+y+z = 2. Tìm GTLN của biểu thức
\(P=\sqrt{2x+yz}+\sqrt{2y+xz}+\sqrt{2z+xy}\)
\(\sqrt{2x+yz}=\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+x+z\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(2x+y+z\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{2y+xz}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+2y+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2z+xy}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(4x+4y+4z\right)=4\)
\(P_{max}=4\) khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
P = \(1.\sqrt{2x+yz}+1.\sqrt{2y+xz}+1.\sqrt{2z+xy}\)
\(\le\sqrt{\left(1^2+1^2+1^2\right)\left(2x+yz+2y+xz+2z+xy\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{3.\left(4+xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
Đã biết x2 + y2 + z2 \(\ge\)xy + yz + zx
=> xy + yz + zx \(\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
Khi đó \(P\le\sqrt{3\left(4+xy+yz+zx\right)}\le\sqrt{3\left[4+\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\right]}\)
= 4
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = 2/3
\(\sqrt{2x+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y+z\right)x+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\le\dfrac{x+2y+z}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\sum\sqrt{2x+yz}\le\dfrac{x+2y+z+2x+y+z+x+y+2z}{2}=\dfrac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}=2\cdot2=4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Ta có: \(x+y+z=1\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x+yz}=\sqrt{x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\\\sqrt{y+xz}=\sqrt{y\left(x+y+z\right)+xz}=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\\\sqrt{z+xy}=\sqrt{z\left(x+y+z\right)+xy}=\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\end{cases}}\)
Ta viết lại A
\(A=\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}+\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}\)
Áp dụng bđt AM-GM:
\(A\le\frac{x+y+x+z+x+y+y+z+y+z+x+z}{2}=2\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(x+yz=x\left(x+y+z\right)+yz\)
\(=x^2+xy+xz+yz\)
\(=x\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
+ Tương tự : \(y+xz=\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
\(z+xy=\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
+ Theo bđt AM-GM : \(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\le\frac{x+y+x+z}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}\le\frac{2x+y+z}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x+y=x+z\Leftrightarrow y=z\)
+ Tương tự ta cm đc :
\(\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\le\frac{x+2y+z}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=z\)
\(\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}\le\frac{x+y+2z}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Do đó : \(A\le\frac{4\left(x+y+z\right)}{2}=2\)
A = 2 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Vậy Max A = 2 \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(A=\frac{\sqrt{xy}}{z+2\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{\sqrt{yz}}{x+2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{\sqrt{zx}}{y+2\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(2A=\frac{z+2\sqrt{xy}}{z+2\sqrt{xy}}-\frac{z}{z+2\sqrt{xy}}+\frac{x+2\sqrt{yz}}{x+2\sqrt{yz}}-\frac{x}{x+2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y+2\sqrt{zx}}{y+2\sqrt{zx}}-\frac{y}{y+2\sqrt{zx}}\)
\(=3-\left(\frac{x}{x+2\sqrt{yz}}+\frac{y}{y+2\sqrt{zx}}+\frac{z}{z+2\sqrt{xy}}\right)\le3-\left(\frac{x}{x+y+z}+\frac{y}{x+y+z}+\frac{z}{x+y+z}\right)\)
\(=3-\frac{x+y+z}{x+y+z}=3-1=2\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(A\le\frac{2}{2}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=z\)
...
Ta có: \(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Rightarrow xy\le\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{4}=\frac{k}{4}=\text{hằng số }\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = y.
Vậy GTLN của xy là k/4
Ta có : ( x - y )2 > 0 => ( x +y ) 2 > 4xy
=> < \(\left(\frac{x+y^2}{4}=\frac{k}{4}=\right)\) hằng số dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x= y
Vậy GTLN của xy là \(\frac{k}{4}\)