Question

[Đinh Thị Khánh Linh]

Cho hpt (a+1)x-ay=5 và x+ay=a^2 +4a. Tìm a nguyên để hpt có nghiệm (x:y) sao cho x;y là số nguyên.

Answer 1

[Nguyễn Lê Phước Thịnh]

Để hệ có nghiệm duy nhất thì \(\dfrac{a+1}{1}\ne\dfrac{-a}{a}=-1\)

=>\(a+1\ne-1\)

=>\(a\ne-2\)

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+1\right)x-ay=5\\x+ay=a^2+4a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+1\right)x-ay+x+ay=5+a^2+4a\\x+ay=a^2+4a\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\left(a+2\right)=a^2+4a+5\\ay=a^2+4a-x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{a^2+4a+5}{a+2}\\ay=a^2+4a-\dfrac{a^2+4a+5}{a+2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{a^2+4a+5}{a+2}\\ay=\dfrac{\left(a+2\right)\left(a^2+4a\right)-a^2-4a-5}{a+2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{a^2+4a+5}{a+2}\\y=\dfrac{a^3+4a^2+2a^2+8a-a^2-4a-5}{a\left(a+2\right)}=\dfrac{a^3+5a^2+4a-5}{a\left(a+2\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Để x,y nguyên thì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+4a+5⋮a+2\\a^3+5a^2+4a-5⋮a^2+2a\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+4a+4+1⋮a+2\\a^3+5a^2+4a-5⋮a^2+2a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1⋮a+2\\a^3+5a^2+4a-5⋮a^2+2a\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+2\in\left\{1;-1\right\}\\a^3+5a^2+4a-5⋮a^2+2a\end{matrix}\right.\)

=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a\in\left\{-1;-3\right\}\\a^3+5a^2+4a-5⋮a^2+2a\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=-1\)