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a)
Gọi $n_{CaCO_3} = a ; n_{MgCO_3} = b$
$\Rightarrow 100a + 84b = 4,68(1)$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$MgCO_3 + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 +C O_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CO_2} = a + b = 0,05(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,03 ; b = 0,02
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{0,03.100}{4,68}.100\% = 64,1\%$
$\%m_{MgCO_3} = 35,9\%$
$m_{CaCl_2} = 0,03.111 = 3,33(gam)$
$m_{MgCl_2} = 0,02.95 = 1,9(gam)$
b)
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{CO_2} = 0,1(mol)$
$C_{M_{HCl}} = \dfrac{0,1}{0,25} = 0,4M$
a)
Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 27b = 26,25 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{30,8}{22,4}=1,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a-->2a--------->a------>a
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b------->b------>1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 1,375 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,25 (mol); b = 0,75 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,25.24}{26,25}.100\%=22,857\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,75.27}{26,25}.100\%=77,143\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nHCl = 2a + 3b = 2,75 (mol)
=> mHCl = 2,75.36,5 = 100,375 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{100,375.100}{10}=1003,75\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 1003,75 + 26,25 - 1,375.2 = 1027,25 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,25.95}{1027,25}.100\%=2,312\%\\C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,75.133,5}{1027,25}.100\%=9,747\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{22,4}{22,4}=1\left(mol\right)=n_{Mg}\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=1\cdot24=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{24}{32}\cdot100\%=75\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{MgO}=25\%\)
b) Theo 2 PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2n_{Mg}=2mol\\n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2n_{MgO}=2\cdot\dfrac{32-24}{40}=0,4mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma n_{HCl}=2,4mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,4\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=1200\left(g\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\Sigma n_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\Sigma n_{HCl}=1,2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma m_{MgCl_2}=1,2\cdot95=114\left(g\right)\)
Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=1\cdot2=2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=1230\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{114}{1230}\cdot100\%\approx9,27\%\)
Mg+2HCl->MgCl2+H2
x------2x--------x---------x
2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2
y---------3y-----y--------3\2y
ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=11,7\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\)
=>x=0,15 mol, y=0,3 mol
=>%mMg=\(\dfrac{0,15.24}{11,7}.100=30,77\%\)
=>%mAl=100-30,77=69,23%
b)
m HCl=1,2.36,5=43,8g
=>C%=\(\dfrac{43,8}{200}.100\)=21,9%
Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
a, Ta có: 100nCaCO3 + 84nMgCO3 = 4,68 (1)
PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{1,2395}{24,79}=0,05\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,03.100=3\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,02.84=1,68\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{20\%}=18,25\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 4,68 + 18,25 - 0,05.44 = 20,73 (g)
Có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCl_2}=n_{MgCO_3}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{0,03.111}{20,73}.100\%\approx16,1\%\\C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,02.95}{20,73}.100\%\approx9,2\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,25}=0,4\left(M\right)\)