Áp dụng tính: \(B=\dfrac{\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(b^2-c^2\right)+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^3}{\left(a-b\right)^3+\left(b-c\right)^3+\left(c-a\right)^3}\)
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AH
Akai Haruma
Giáo viên
30 tháng 12 2017
* Đặt tên các biểu thức theo thứ tự là A,B,C,D,E.
Câu a)
Theo hằng đẳng thức đáng nhớ ta có:
\(a^3+b^3+c^3=(a+b+c)^3-3(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b)+bc(b+c)+ca(c+a)+2abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[ab(a+b+c)+bc(b+c+a)+ca(c+a+b)-abc]\)
\(=(a+b+c)^3-3[(a+b+c)(ab+bc+ac)]+3abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=(a+b+c)^3-3(ab+bc+ac)(a+b+c)\)
\(=(a+b+c)[(a+b+c)^2-3(ab+bc+ac)]\)
\(=(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)\) (*)
Do đó:
\(A=\frac{(a+b+c)(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac)}{a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac}=a+b+c\)
Câu b)
\(x^3-y^3+z^3+3xyz=x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z\)
Sử dụng kết quả (*) của câu a. Với \(a=x, b=-y, c=z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+(-y)^3+z^3-3x(-y)z=(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Mặt khác xét mẫu số:
\((x+y)^2+(y+z)^2+(x-z)^2=x^2+2xy+y^2+y^2+2yz+z^2+x^2-2xz+z^2\)
\(=2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(B=\frac{(x-y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2+xy+yz-xz)}=\frac{x-y+z}{2}\)
Câu c) Sử dụng kết quả (*) của phần a:
\(x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Và mẫu số:
\((x-y)^2+(y-z)^2+(z-x)^2=2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)\)
Do đó: \(C=\frac{(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}{2(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)}=\frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
AH
Akai Haruma
Giáo viên
30 tháng 12 2017
Câu d)
Xét tử số:
\(a^2(b-c)+b^2(c-a)+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=a^2(b-c)-b^2[(b-c)+(a-b)]+c^2(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a^2-b^2)-(b^2-c^2)(a-b)\)
\(=(b-c)(a-b)(a+b)-(b-c)(b+c)(a-b)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)[a+b-(b+c)]=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\) (1)
Xét mẫu số:
\(a^4(b^2-c^2)+b^4(c^2-a^2)+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=a^4(b^2-c^2)-b^4[(b^2-c^2)+(a^2-b^2)]+c^4(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^4-b^4)(b^2-c^2)-(b^4-c^4)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(a^2+b^2)(b^2-c^2)-(b^2-c^2)(b^2+c^2)(a^2-b^2)\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)[a^2+b^2-(b^2+c^2)]\)
\(=(a^2-b^2)(b^2-c^2)(a^2-c^2)\)
\(=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)\)(2)
Từ (1)(2) suy ra \(D=\frac{1}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Câu e)
Theo phần d ta có:
\(TS=(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)\)
\(MS=ab^2-ac^2-b^3+bc^2\)
\(=b^2(a-b)-c^2(a-b)=(a-b)(b^2-c^2)=(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)\)
Do đó: \(E=\frac{(a-b)(b-c)(a-c)}{(a-b)(b-c)(b+c)}=\frac{a-c}{b+c}\)
14 tháng 5 2017
VP = \(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b-c\right)^2}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c-a\right)^2}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right).\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)-\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\left(b-c\right).\dfrac{\left(b+a\right)-\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+a\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\left(c-b\right).\dfrac{\left(c+b\right)-\left(a+b\right)}{\left(c+b\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\left(a-b\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\dfrac{1}{a+c}\right)+\left(b-c\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{c+a}-\dfrac{1}{b+a}\right)+\left(c-a\right).\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\dfrac{1}{c+b}\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right).\dfrac{1}{b+c}-\left(a-b\right).\dfrac{1}{a+c}+\left(b-c\right).\dfrac{1}{c+a}-\left(b-c\right).\dfrac{1}{b+a}+\left(c-a\right).\dfrac{1}{a+b}-\left(c-a\right).\dfrac{1}{c+b}\)
\(=\left(2a-b-c\right).\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\left(2b-c-a\right).\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\left(2c-a-b\right).\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a}{b+c}-\left(b+c\right).\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{2b}{c+a}-\left(c+a\right).\dfrac{1}{c+a}+\dfrac{2c}{a+b}-\left(a+b\right).\dfrac{1}{a+b}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{a}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{c+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b}\right)-3\left(đpcm\right)\)
Q
15 tháng 5 2017
\(VT=\dfrac{2a^3-a^2b-a^2c-ab^2-ac^2+2b^3-b^2c-bc^2+2c^3}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)} \)
\(\\=\dfrac{a^3+a^2b-2a^2b-2ab^2+ab^2+b^3+b^3+b^2c-2b^2c-2bc^2+bc^2+c^3+c^3+c^2a-2c^a+2ca^2-ca^2+a^3}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(\\=\dfrac{(a-b)^2(a+b)+(b-c)^2(b+c)+(c-a)^2(c+a)}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
\(\\\Rightarrow VT=\dfrac{(a-b)^2}{(c+a)(b+c)}+\dfrac{(b-c)^2}{(c+a)(a+b)}+\dfrac{(c-a)^2}{(a+b)(b+c)}=VP\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
15 tháng 3 2022
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}+\dfrac{b+2}{36}+\dfrac{c+3}{48}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}{1728\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{4}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+2\right)\left(a+3\right)}+\dfrac{c+2}{36}+\dfrac{a+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{b}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+2\right)\left(b+3\right)}+\dfrac{a+2}{36}+\dfrac{b+3}{48}\ge\dfrac{c}{4}\)
Cộng vế:
\(P+\dfrac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{144}+\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{a+b+c}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{29}{144}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{17}{48}\ge\dfrac{29}{144}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{17}{48}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
26 tháng 11 2022
\(C=\dfrac{\left(b-c+c-a\right)^3+3\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-c+c-a\right)+\left(a-b\right)^3}{a^2b-a^2c+b^2c-b^2a+c^2a-c^2b}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{a^2b-b^2a-a^2c+b^2c+c^2a-c^2b}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(b-c\right)\left(c-a\right)\left(b-a\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\cdot ab-c\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)+c^2\left(a-b\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)\left(a-b\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(ab-ac-bc+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3\left(b-c\right)\left(a-c\right)}{a\left(b-c\right)-c\left(b-c\right)}=3\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
18 tháng 9 2021
\(\dfrac{a^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}+\dfrac{b+1}{12}+\dfrac{c+2}{18}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}{216\left(b+1\right)\left(c+2\right)}}=\dfrac{a}{2}\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{b^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+2\right)}+\dfrac{c+1}{12}+\dfrac{a+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{b}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{c^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)}+\dfrac{a+1}{12}+\dfrac{b+2}{18}\ge\dfrac{c}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(VT+\dfrac{5}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)+\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{13}{36}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{7}{12}\ge\dfrac{13}{36}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}-\dfrac{7}{12}=\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
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