câu 1:Cho Na tác dụng hết với 40ml rượu 96 độ. Tính thể tích khí thoát ra ở đktc, biết khối lượng riêng của rượu là 0,8 (g/mol), nước 1,0(g/mol)
câu 2: viết PTHH: Natri phản ứng với rượu 96 độ
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\(a,V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{96.30}{100}=28,8\left(ml\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=28,8.0,8=23,04\left(ml\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{23,04}{46}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
0,5----------------------------------->0,25
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
b, \(n_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{36}{60}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+CH_3COOH\xrightarrow[t^o]{H_2SO_{4\left(đ\right)}}CH_3COOC_2H_5+H_2O\)
LTL: 0,5 < 0,6 => CH3COOH dư
Theo pthh: nCH3COOH = nC2H5OH = 0,5 (mol)
=> meste = 0,5.88.70% = 30,8 (g)
\(a,V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{10.96}{100}=9,6\left(ml\right)\\ m_{C_2H_5OH}=9,6.0,8=7,68\left(g\right)\\ n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{7,68}{46}=\dfrac{96}{575}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
\(\dfrac{96}{575}\)------------------------------------->\(\dfrac{48}{575}\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{48}{575}.22,4=1,87\left(l\right)\)
\(b,V_{dd}=12+10,6=20,6\left(ml\right)\\ Đ_r=\dfrac{9,6}{20,6}.100=46,6^o\)
\(V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{100.40}{100}=40\left(ml\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{C_2H_5OH}=40.0,8=32\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{32}{46}=\dfrac{16}{23}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(C_2H_5OH+Na\rightarrow C_2H_5ONa+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)
\(\dfrac{16}{23}\)----------------------------------->\(\dfrac{8}{23}\)
\(\rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{8}{23}.22,4=\dfrac{896}{115}\left(l\right)\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_2H_5OH}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
2C2H5OH + 2Na ---> 2C2H5ONa + H2
a --------------------------------------------> 0,5a
2H2O + 2Na ---> 2NaOH + H2
b --------------------------------> 0,5b
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}46a+18b=20,2\\0,5a+0,5b=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,4\left(mol\right)\\b=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{C_2H_5OH}=0,4.46=18,4\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,1.18=1,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{18,4}{0,8}=23\left(ml\right)\\V_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,8}{1}=1,8\left(ml\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> Độ rượu là: \(\dfrac{23}{23+1,8}=92,74^o\)
Đáp án: A
Vì dung dịch rượu gồm rượu etylic và nước nên ta gọi:
n H 2 O = x m o l và n C 2 H 5 O H = y m o l
PTHH:
2 N a + 2 H 2 O → 2 N a O H + H 2 ↑ ( 1 )
x mol → 0,5.x mol
2 N a + 2 C 2 H 5 O H → 2 C 2 H 5 O N a + H 2 ↑
y mol → 0,5.y mol
Ta có hệ phương trình:
18 x + 46 y = 10 , 1 0 , 5 x + 0 , 5 y = 0 , 125 ⇒ x = 0 , 05 y = 0 , 2
V C 2 H 5 O H nguyên chất = m D = 0 , 2 . 46 0 , 8 = 11 , 5 m l
V H 2 O = m D = 10 , 1 - 9 , 2 1 = 0 , 9 m l
=> V d d r ư ợ u = V H 2 O + V C 2 H 5 O H = 0,9 + 11,5 = 12,4 ml
=> Độ rượu D 0 = V C 2 H 5 O H V d d r u o u . 100 = 11 , 5 12 , 4 . 100 = 92 , 74 0
m C2H5OH = m.29,87% = 0,2987m(gam)
=> n C2H5OH = 0,2987m/46 (mol)
m H2O = m - 0,2987m = 0,7013m(gam)
=> n H2O = 0,7013m/18(mol)
$2C_2H_5OH + 2Na \to 2C_2H_5ONa + H_2$
$2Na + 2H_2O \to 2NaOH + H_2$
n H2 = 1/2 n C2H5OH + 1/2 H2O = 11,76/22,4 = 0,525(mol)
=> 1/2 . 0,2987m/46 + 1/2 . 0,7013m/18 = 0,525
=> m = 23,1(gam)
Suy ra :
m C2H5OH = 0,2987.23,1 = 6,9(gam)
V C2H5OH = 6,9/0,8 = 8,625(ml)
m H2O = 0,7013.23,1 = 16,2(gam)
V H2O = 16,2/1 = 16,2(ml)
Vậy :
Đr = V C2H5OH / V(dd) .100 = 8,625/(8,625 + 16,2) .100 = 34,74o
Rượu etylic \(C_2H_5OH\)
Axit axetic \(CH_3COOH\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1mol\)
\(2CH_3COOH+Na_2CO_3\rightarrow2CH_3COONa+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,1 0,2 0,1 0,1
\(\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot60}{39,6}\cdot100\%=30,3\%\)
\(\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=100\%-30,3\%=69,7\%\)
a)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 --> 2CH3COONa + CO2 + H2O
0,2<----------0,1<-------------0,2<-------0,1
=> \(m_{CH_3COOH}=0,2.60=12\left(g\right)\)
\(\%m_{CH_3COOH}=\dfrac{12}{39,6}.100\%=30,3\%\)
\(\%m_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{39,6-12}{39,6}.100\%=69,7\%\)
b) dd sau pư chứa \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}CH_3COONa:0,2\left(mol\right)\\C_2H_5OH:\dfrac{39,6-12}{46}=0,6\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(V_{dd}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M\left(CH_3COONa\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,05}=4M\\C_{M\left(C_2H_5OH\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,05}=12M\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{4,6}{46}=0,1mol\)
\(2C_2H_5OH+2Na\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\)
0,1 0,1 0,05
\(V_{H_2}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{C_2H_5ONa}=0,1\cdot68=6,8g\)
Câu 2:
\(2Na+2H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH+H_2\)
\(2Na+2C_2H_5OH\rightarrow2C_2H_5ONa+H_2\uparrow\)
Câu 1:
\(V_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{40\cdot96}{100}=38,4\left(ml\right)\)
\(m_{C_2H_5OH}=38,4\cdot0,8=30,72\left(gam\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_5OH}=\dfrac{30,72}{12\cdot2+6+16}=\dfrac{384}{575}\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{192}{575}\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{192}{575}\cdot22,4\simeq7,48\left(lít\right)\)