Thực hiện phép tính (tính bằng cách hợp lí nếu có thể):
a) $\dfrac{5}{17}-\dfrac{25}{31}+\dfrac{12}{17}+\dfrac{-6}{31}$;
b) $\dfrac{17}{8}:\left(\dfrac{27}{8}+\dfrac{11}{4}\right)$;
c) $\dfrac{1}{5} \cdot \dfrac{11}{16}+\dfrac{1}{5} \cdot \dfrac{5}{16}+\dfrac{4}{5}$;
d) $\dfrac{5}{6}: 25-2+\dfrac{-7}{3} \cdot \dfrac{2}{7}$.
a) \(\dfrac{5}{17}-\dfrac{25}{31}+\dfrac{12}{17}+\dfrac{-6}{31}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{17}+\dfrac{12}{17}\right)+\left(\dfrac{-25}{31}+\dfrac{-6}{31}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{17}+\dfrac{-31}{31}\)
\(=1+\left(-1\right)=0\)
b) \(\dfrac{17}{8}:\left(\dfrac{27}{8}+\dfrac{11}{4}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{8}:\left(\dfrac{27}{8}+\dfrac{22}{8}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{17}{8}:\dfrac{49}{8}=\dfrac{17}{8}\cdot\dfrac{8}{49}=\dfrac{17}{49}\)
c) \(\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\dfrac{11}{16}+\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\dfrac{5}{16}+\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\left(\dfrac{11}{16}+\dfrac{5}{16}+4\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\left(\dfrac{16}{16}+4\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot\left(1+4\right)=\dfrac{1}{5}\cdot5=1\)
d) \(\dfrac{5}{6}:25-2+\dfrac{-7}{3}\cdot\dfrac{2}{7}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{6}\cdot\dfrac{1}{25}-2+\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}-\dfrac{6}{3}+\dfrac{-2}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{30}-\dfrac{8}{3}=\dfrac{1}{30}-\dfrac{80}{30}=\dfrac{-79}{30}\)
a) 517−2531+1217+−631175−3125+1712+31−6
=517−2531+1217+−631=175−3125+1712+31−6
=(517+1217)+(−2531+−631)=(175+1712)+(−3125+31−6)
=1+(−1)=1+(−1)
= 0= 0
b) 178:(278+114)817:(827+411)
=178:(278+228)=817:(827+822)
=178:498=817:849
=1749=4917.
c) 15⋅1116+15⋅516+4551⋅1611+51⋅165+54
=15⋅(1116+516)+45=51⋅(1611+165)+54
=15⋅1+45=51⋅1+54
=15+45=1.=51+54=1.
d) 56:25−2+−73⋅2765:25−2+3−7⋅72
=56:25−2+−73⋅27=65:25−2+3−7⋅72
=56⋅125−2+−23=65⋅251−2+3−2
=130−2+−23=301−2+3−2
=130−6030+−2030=301−3060+30−20
=130−6030+−2030=−7930=301−3060+30−20=30−79