Tìm x nguyên để biểu thức sau nhận giá trị nguyên.
B = \(\dfrac{2x^3+5x^2-5x+5}{2x+1}\)
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\(P=\frac{2\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}{x^2+x+5}.\frac{5\left(x^2+x+5\right)}{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x-4\right)}{10\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}=\frac{x-1}{x+3}\)
ĐK: \(x\ne\left\{4;-3;1;2;-2\right\}\)
b, \(P\in Z\Rightarrow\frac{x-1}{x+3}\in Z\Rightarrow x-1⋮\left(x+3\right)\Rightarrow-4⋮\left(x+3\right)\Rightarrow\left(x+3\right)\in\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-7;-5;-4;-2;-1;1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\in\left\{2;3;5;-3;-1;0\right\}\)
a)B = \(\dfrac{2x}{x+3}+\dfrac{x+1}{x-3}+\dfrac{7x+3}{9-x^2}\left(ĐK:x\ne\pm3\right)\)
= \(\dfrac{2x}{x+3}+\dfrac{x+1}{x-3}-\dfrac{7x+3}{x^2-9}\)
= \(\dfrac{2x\left(x-3\right)+\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)-7x-3}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}\)
= \(\dfrac{3x^2-9x}{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{3x}{x+3}\)
b) \(\left|2x+1\right|=7< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=7< =>x=3\left(L\right)\\2x+1=-7< =>x=-4\left(C\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay x = -4 vào B, ta có:
B = \(\dfrac{-4.3}{-4+3}=12\)
c) Để B = \(\dfrac{-3}{5}\)
<=> \(\dfrac{3x}{x+3}=\dfrac{-3}{5}< =>\dfrac{3x}{x+3}+\dfrac{3}{5}=0\)
<=> \(\dfrac{15x+3x+9}{5\left(x+3\right)}=0< =>x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\left(TM\right)\)
d) Để B nguyên <=> \(\dfrac{3x}{x+3}\) nguyên
<=> \(3-\dfrac{9}{x+3}\) nguyên <=> \(9⋮x+3\)
x+3 | -9 | -3 | -1 | 1 | 3 | 9 |
x | -12(C) | -6(C) | -4(C) | -2(C) | 0(C) | 6(C) |
\(A=\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{4}{2x+1}\) (chia đa thức)
Để A nguyên \(\Rightarrow4⋮2x+1\Rightarrow\left(2x+1\right)=\left\{-4;-2;-1;1;2;4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\left\{-\dfrac{5}{2};-\dfrac{3}{2};-1;0;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{3}{2}\right\}\)
x thỏa mãn đk đề bài là \(x=\left\{-1;0\right\}\)
1.
\(A=\frac{2x^3+x^2+2x+4}{2x+1}=\frac{x^2(2x+1)+(2x+1)+3}{2x+1}=x^2+1+\frac{3}{2x+1}\)
Với $x$ nguyên, để $A$ nguyên thì $3\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2x+1\in \left\{1; -1; 3; -3\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -1; 1; -2\right\}$
2.
\(B=\frac{3x^2-8x+1}{x-3}=\frac{3x(x-3)+x+1}{x-3}=\frac{3x(x-3)+(x-3)+4}{x-3}=3x+1+\frac{4}{x-3}\)
Với $x$ nguyên, để $B$ nguyên thì $4\vdots x-3$
$\Rightarrow x-3\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 2; \pm 4\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{2; 4; 5; 1; 7; -1\right\}$
Lời giải:
$B=\frac{x^2(2x+1)+2x(2x+1)-3(2x+1)-x+8}{2x+1}$
$=\frac{(2x+1)(x^2+2x-3)+8-x}{2x+1}=x^2+2x-3+\frac{8-x}{2x+1}$
Với $x$ nguyên, để $B$ nguyên thì $\frac{8-x}{2x+1}$ nguyên
Với $8-x, 2x+1$ là số nguyên thì điều này xảy ra khi $8-x\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2(8-x)\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 17-(2x+1)\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 17\vdots 2x+1$
$\Rightarrow 2x+1\in \left\{\pm 1; \pm 17\right\}$
$\Rightarrow x\in \left\{0; -1; 8; -9\right\}$ (thỏa mãn)