Question

[Lữ khách cô đơn]

Cho dãy số \(\left(u_n\right)\) như sau

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=-1;u_2=-2\\nu_{n+2}-\left(3n+1\right)u_{n+1}+2\left(n+1\right)u_n=3,\forall n\in N\text{*}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Tìm CTTQ 

Answer 1

[Trên con đường thành công không có....]

Ta có:

\(nu_{n+2}-\left(3n+1\right)u_{n+1}+2\left(n+1\right)u_n=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow n\left(u_{n+2}-2u_{n+1}\right)-\left(n+1\right)\left(u_{n+1}-2u_n\right)=3\)

Đặt \(u_{n+1}-2u_n=v_n\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}v_1=u_2-2u_1=-2-2.\left(-1\right)=0\\nv_{n+1}-\left(n+1\right)v_n=3\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n}v_n=\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{2}v_2-v_1=\dfrac{3}{1.2}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{3}v_3-\dfrac{1}{2}v_2=\dfrac{3}{2.3}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{4}v_4-\dfrac{1}{3}v_3=\dfrac{3}{3.4}\)

\(...\)

\(\dfrac{1}{n}v_n-\dfrac{1}{n-1}v_{n-1}=\dfrac{3}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)

\(\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-\dfrac{1}{n}v_n=\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)

Cộng theo vế, ta có:

\(\dfrac{1}{n+1}v_{n+1}-v_1=3\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow v_{n+1}=3n\Leftrightarrow v_n=3\left(n-1\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow u_{n+1}-2u_n=3\left(n-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow u_{n+1}+3\left(n+1\right)=2\left(u_n+3n\right)\)

Đặt \(a_n=u_n+3n\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a_1=u_1+3=2\\a_{n+1}=2a_n\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow a_n=2^n\)\(\Rightarrow u_n=2^n-3n\)\(,\forall n\in N\text{*}\)