Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) x^3+2x-3 b) x^2-9x^3+81x-81
c) x^4+x^2+1 d) 4x^4-32x^2+1
e) 2x^4-x^3-9x^2+13x-5 f) x^8+3x^4+4
g) x5+x+1
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\(2x^3-35x+75=2x^2\left(x+5\right)-10x\left(x+5\right)+15\left(x+5\right)=\left(x-5\right)\left(2x^2-10+15\right) \)
\(b,=x^4-2x^3-x^3+2x^2+3x^2-6x-3x+6\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3-x^2+3x-3\right)\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)\\ c,=x^4-2x^3+4x^3-8x^2+4x^2-8x+3x-6\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+4x^2+4x+3\right)\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x^3+3x^2+x^2+3x+x+3\right)\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)
a.
\(x^4+4=x^4+4x^2+4-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-\left(2x\right)^2=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
b.
\(x^3-9x^2+6x+16=\left(x^3-7x^2-8x\right)-\left(2x^2-14x-16\right)\)
\(=x\left(x^2-7x-8\right)-2\left(x^2-7x-8\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2-7x-8\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+x-8x-8\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left[x\left(x+1\right)-8\left(x+1\right)\right]=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x-8\right)\)
c.
\(\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)\left(x+5\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+4\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+10+2\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)^2+2\left(x^2+7x+10\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)^2-4\left(x^2+7x+10\right)+6\left(x^2+7x+10\right)-24\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10\right)\left(x^2+7x+10-4\right)+6\left(x^2+7x+10-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+7x+10-4\right)\left(x^2+7x+10+6\right)=\left(x^2+7x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+7x+16\right)\)
1.
\(a,=x^4-3x^3+5x^3-15x^2-x^2+3x-5x+15\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x^3+5x^2-x-5\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x+5\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\\ =\left(x-3\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x+5\right)\\ b,=2x^4-2x^3+x^3-x^2-8x^2+8x+5x-5\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^3+x^2-8x+5\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(2x^3+5x^2-4x^2-10x+2x+5\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+5\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\\ =\left(x-1\right)^3\left(2x+5\right)\)
2.
\(a,=n^3\left(n+2\right)-n\left(n+2\right)=n\left(n^2-1\right)\left(n+2\right)\\ =\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\)
Đây là tích 4 số nguyên liên tiếp nên chia hết cho \(1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4=24\)
Suy ra đpcm
Bổ sung điều kiện câu b: n chẵn và n>4
\(b,=n\left(n^3-4n^2-4n+16\right)=n\left[n^2\left(n-4\right)-4\left(n-4\right)\right]\\ =\left(n-4\right)\left(n-2\right)n\left(n+2\right)\)
Với n chẵn và \(n>4\) thì đây là tích 4 số nguyên chẵn liên tiếp nên chia hết cho \(2\cdot4\cdot6\cdot8=384\)
1) \(x^3+2x-3\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2\right)+\left(x^2-x\right)+\left(3x-3\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)+x\left(x-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+3\right)\)
2) \(x^3-6x+4\)
\(=\left(x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(2x^2-4x\right)-\left(2x-4\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-2\right)+2x\left(x-2\right)-2\left(x-2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x-2\right)\)
3) \(x^3-2x^2+1\)
\(=\left(x^3-x^2\right)-\left(x^2-x\right)-\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x-1\right)-x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2-x-1\right)\)
4) \(x^3+5x^2-12\)
\(=\left(x^3+2x^2\right)+\left(3x^2+6x\right)-\left(6x+12\right)\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2\right)+3x\left(x+2\right)-6\left(x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+3x-6\right)\)