Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử :
x5 + x4 + 1
x5 + x + 1
Chú ý : Ta có thể thêm bớt hạng tử để thành hiệu 2 bình phương
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a. $6x^2-11x=x(6x-11)$
b. $x^7+x^5+1=(x^7-x)+(x^5-x^2)+x+x^2+1$
$=x(x^6-1)+x^2(x^3-1)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=x(x^3-1)(x^3+1)+x^2(x^3-1)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=(x^3-1)(x^4+x+x^2)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=(x-1)(x^2+x+1)(x^4+x^2+x)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=(x^2+x+1)[(x-1)(x^4+x^2+x)+1]$
$=(x^2+x+1)(x^5-x^4+x^3-x+1)$
c.
$x^8+x^4+1=(x^4)^2+2.x^4+1-x^4$
$=(x^4+1)^2-(x^2)^2$
$=(x^4+1-x^2)(x^4+1+x^2)$
$=(x^4+1-x^2)(x^4+2x^2+1-x^2)$
$=(x^4-x^2+1)[(x^2+1)^2-x^2]$
$=(x^4-x^2+1)(x^2+1-x)(x^2+1+x)$
d.
$x^3-5x+8-4=x^3-5x+4$
$=x^3-x^2+x^2-x-(4x-4)$
$=x^2(x-1)+x(x-1)-4(x-1)=(x-1)(x^2+x-4)$
e.
$x^5+x^4+1=(x^5-x^2)+(x^4-x)+x^2+x+1$
$=x^2(x^3-1)+x(x^3-1)+x^2+x+1$
$=(x^3-1)(x^2+x)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=(x-1)(x^2+x+1)(x^2+x)+(x^2+x+1)$
$=(x^2+x+1)[(x-1)(x^2+x)+1]$
$=(x^2+x+1)(x^3-x+1)$
\(x^4+4\)
\(=x^4+4x^2+4-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+2\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
x^4+x^2+1 = (x^4+2x^2+1)-x^2 = (x^2+1)^2-x^2 = (x^2-x+1).(x^2+x+1)
k mk nha
x5-x4-1=x5-x3-x2-x4+x2+x+x3-x-1
=x2.(x3-x-1)-x.(x3-x-1)+(x3-x-1)
=(x3-x-1)(x2-x+1)
x^4+x^2+1 = (x^4+2x^2+1)-x^2 = (x^2+1)^2-x^2 = (x^2-x+1).(x^2+x+1)
k mk nha
\(a,=\left(5x^3+10x\right)+\left(x^4-4\right)\\ =5x\left(x^2+2\right)+\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x^2-2\right)\\ =\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x^2+5x-2\right)\\ b,=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3-3xyz\\ =\left[\left(x+y\right)^3+z^3\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-z\left(x+y\right)+z^2\right]-3xy\left(x+y+z\right)\\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y-xz-yz+z^2-3xy\right)\\ =\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-zx\right)\)
\(c,=\left(x^8+x^7+x^6\right)-\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)+\left(x^5+x^4+x^3\right)-\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^6-x^5+x^3-x^2+1\right)\\ d,=\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)-\left(x^6+x^5+x^4\right)+\left(x^4+x^3+x^2\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^5-x^4+x^2-x+1\right)\\ e,=\left(x^{10}+x^9+x^8\right)-\left(x^9+x^8+x^7\right)+\left(x^7+x^6+x^5\right)-\left(x^6+x^5+x^4\right)+\left(x^5+x^4+x^3\right)-\left(x^3+x^2+x\right)+\left(x^2+x+1\right)\\ =\left(x^2+x+1\right)\left(x^{10}-x^7+x^5-x^4+x^3-x+1\right)\)
a: =x^4+2x^2+5x^3+10x-2x^2-4
=(x^2+2)(x^2+5x-2)
b; =(x+y)^3+z^3-3xy(x+y)-3xyz
=(x+y+z)*(x^2+2xy+y^2-xz-yz+z^2)-3xy(x+y+z)
=(x+y+z)(x^2+y^2+z^2-xy-yz-xz)
c: =x^8+x^7+x^6-x^7-x^6-x^5+x^5+x^4+x^3-x^4-x^3-x^2+x^2+x+1
=(x^2+x+1)(x^6-x^5+x^3-x^2+1)
\(=x^4+2x^2+1-\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{2}x\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1-\sqrt{2}x\right)\left(x^2+1+\sqrt{2}x\right)\)
\(x^4+1\)
\(=x^4+2x^2+1-2x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2-\left(x\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\left(x^2+x\sqrt{2}+1\right)\)
\(x^4+16\)
\(=x^4+4x^2+16-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)^2-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
\(x^4+16\)
\(=x^4+4x^2+16-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+4\right)^2-4x^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+4\right)\left(x^2+2x+4\right)\)
a, \(x^5+x^4+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+x^4-x^2+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4}+x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5+\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}+x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x^3+1\right)+\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)+\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(x^2-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
ta có :x^5 +x^4 +1=x^5-x^2 +x^4 -x +x^2 +x +1=x^2(x^3-1) +x(x^3 -1)+x^2 +x +1=x^2(x-1)(x^2+x+1)+x(x-1)(x^2 +x+1) +x^2 +x +1=(x^2 +x +1)(x^3 -x^2 +x^2 -x +1)=(x^2 +x+1)(x^3-x+1)