\(-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}-\dfrac{3a+1}{1-a^2}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{a^2-1}\)
a) Rút gọn biểu thức B
b) Tính giá trị của a để B = 3/a-1
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\(-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}-\dfrac{3a+1}{1-a^2}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{a^2-1}\left(dk:a\ne1,a\ne-1\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a+1}{a^2-1}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2-a\left(a+1\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-a^2-a+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}.\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\)
\(=-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}\)
`a)D` xác định `<=>a-1 ne 0<=>a ne 1`
`b)` Với `a ne 1` có:
`D=([a-1]/[a^2+a+1]-[1-3a+a^2]/[(a-1)(a^2+a+1)]-1/[a-1]).[1-a]/[a^2+1]`
`D=[(a-1)^2-1+3a-a^2-a^2-a-1]/[(a-1)(a^2+a+1)].[-(a-1)]/[a^2+1]`
`D=[a^2-2a+1-1+3a-a^2-a^2-a-1]/[(-a^2-1)(a^2+a+1)]`
`D=[-a^2-1]/[(-a^2-1)(a^2+a+1)]=1/[a^2+a+1]`
`c)` Với `a ne 1` có:
`1/D=1/[1/[a^2+a+1]]=a^2+a+1=(a+1/2)^2+3/4`
Vì `(a+1/2)^2 >= 0 AA a ne 1`
`=>(a+1/2)^2+3/4 >= 3/4 AA a ne 1`
Hay `1/D >= 3/4 AA a ne 1=>1/D _[mi n]=3/4`
Dấu "`=`" xảy ra `<=>a=-1/2` (t/m).
a) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{a^2-1}{3}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(1-a\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)\cdot\left(a-1\right)}{3}\cdot\dfrac{3}{\left|1-a\right|}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}{1-a}\)
=-a-1
b) Ta có: \(B=\sqrt{\left(3a-5\right)^2}-2a+4\)
\(=\left|3a-5\right|-2a+4\)
\(=5-3a-2a+4\)
=9-5a
c) Ta có: \(C=4a-3-\sqrt{\left(2a-1\right)^2}\)
\(=4a-3-\left|2a-1\right|\)
\(=4a-3-2a+1\)
\(=2a-2\)
d) Ta có: \(D=\dfrac{a-2}{4}\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{16a^4}{\left(a-2\right)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-2}{4}\cdot\dfrac{4a^2}{\left|a-2\right|}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^2\left(a-2\right)}{-\left(a-2\right)}\)
\(=-a^2\)
a ĐKXĐ \(a\ge0,a\ne\dfrac{1}{4},a\ne1\)
\(\Rightarrow P=1+\left(\dfrac{\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}\right)}-\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}+a\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)
= \(1+\left(\dfrac{\left(-1\right)\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)}{\sqrt{a}-1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(2\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)}\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{2\sqrt{a}-1}\)
= \(1+\left(-1+\dfrac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\right)\sqrt{a}\)
= \(1-\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\) = \(\dfrac{\left(1-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{a}+a\right)+a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{1-a\sqrt{a}+a\sqrt{a}+a}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}\)
b Xét hiệu \(P-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}-\dfrac{2}{3}=\dfrac{3a+3-2a-2\sqrt{a}-2}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{a-2\sqrt{a}+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{a+\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}}>0\) \(\Rightarrow P>\dfrac{2}{3}\)
c Ta có \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{6}+1}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+1}{a+\sqrt{a}+1}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{6}+1}\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a+1\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+1\right)=\sqrt{6}\left(a+\sqrt{a}+1\right)\Leftrightarrow a\sqrt{6}+a+\sqrt{6}+1=a\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{6a}+\sqrt{6}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-\sqrt{6a}+1=0\Leftrightarrow a-\sqrt{6a}+\dfrac{6}{4}-\dfrac{2}{4}=0\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{a}-\dfrac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{a}=\dfrac{\sqrt{6}+1}{2}\\\sqrt{a}=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{6}}{2}\left(L\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) (Do \(\sqrt{a}\ge0\)) \(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{6}+1\right)^2}{4}=\dfrac{7+2\sqrt{6}}{4}\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy...
a) ĐKXĐ: a2-1 ≠0 ⇔ (a-1)(a+1)≠0 ⇔\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-1\ne0\\a+1\ne0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a\ne1\\a\ne-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) A=\(\dfrac{2a^2}{a^2-1}-\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{a}{a-1}\) , a≠1, -1
=\(\dfrac{2a^2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{2a^2-a\left(a-1\right)+a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{2a^2-a^2+a+a^2+a}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\)
=\(\dfrac{2a^2+2a}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\) =\(\dfrac{2a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\) =\(\dfrac{2a}{a-1}\)
vậy A =\(\dfrac{2a}{a-1}\) với a≠1,-1.
c) Có:A= \(\dfrac{2a}{a-1}\) = \(\dfrac{2a-2+2}{a-1}=\dfrac{2\left(a-1\right)+2}{a-1}=2+\dfrac{2}{a-1}\)
Để a∈Z thì a-1 ∈ Z ⇒ (a-1) ∈ Ư(2) =\(\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
a-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
a | 2 | 0 | 3 | -1 |
Thử lại | TM | TM | TM | ko TM(vì a≠-1 |
Vậy để biểu thức A có giá trị nguyên thì a∈\(\left\{2;0;3\right\}\)
a) ĐKXĐ: \(a\notin\left\{1;-1\right\}\)
b) Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{2a^2}{a^2-1}-\dfrac{a}{a+1}+\dfrac{a}{a-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(a-1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}+\dfrac{a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2-a^2+a+a^2+a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a^2+2a}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2a}{a-1}\)
c) Để A nguyên thì \(2a⋮a-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a-2+2⋮a-1\)
mà \(2a-2⋮a-1\)
nên \(2⋮a-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a\in\left\{2;0;3;-1\right\}\)
Kết hợp ĐKXĐ, ta được: \(a\in\left\{0;2;3\right\}\)
Vậy: Để A nguyên thì \(a\in\left\{0;2;3\right\}\)
2.
\(P=\left(\dfrac{a+6}{3\left(a+3\right)}-\dfrac{1}{a+3}\right).\dfrac{27a}{a+2}=\left(\dfrac{a+3}{3\left(a+3\right)}\right).\dfrac{27a}{a+2}=\dfrac{27a}{3\left(a+2\right)}=\dfrac{9a}{a+2}\)
ĐKXĐ là :
\(a\ne0;-3;-2\)
Vs a = 1 ta có:
=> P=3
1.
\(M=\left(\dfrac{2a}{2a+b}-\dfrac{4a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)^2}\right):\left(\dfrac{2a}{\left(2a-b\right)\left(2a+b\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2a-b}\right)=\left(\dfrac{4a^2+2ab-4a^2}{\left(2a+b\right)^2}\right).\left(\dfrac{\left(2a+b\right)\left(2a-b\right)}{b}\right)=\dfrac{2a.\left(2a-b\right)}{\left(2a+b\right)}\)
\(-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}-\dfrac{3a+1}{1-a^2}\right):\dfrac{2a+1}{a^2-1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a+1}{a^2-1}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a-1}{a+1}-\dfrac{a}{a-1}+\dfrac{3a-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(a-1\right)}-\dfrac{a\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{3a+1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2-a\left(a+1\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\)\(=-\left(\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-\left(a^2+a\right)+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{a^2-2a+1-a^2-a+3a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =-\left(\dfrac{2}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}\right).\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{2a+1}\\ =\dfrac{-2.\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right)}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a+1\right).\left(2a+1\right)}\\ =-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}\)
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\(-\dfrac{2}{2a+1}=\dfrac{3}{a-1}\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\left(a-1\right)=3\left(2a+1\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow-2a+2-6a-3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-8a-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow-8a=1\\ \Leftrightarrow a=-\dfrac{1}{8}\)