A = \(1-\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}-...-\frac{1}{2010^2}\)
Chứng minh rằng : A > \(\frac{1}{2010}\)
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Ta có:\(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2012^2}>0\)
Vì: \(\frac{1}{2^2}<\frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}>\frac{1}{2.3}\)
\(\frac{1}{4^2}>\frac{1}{3.4}\)
..........
\(\frac{1}{2012^2}>\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2011.2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A<1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2011}-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A<1-\frac{1}{2012}\)
\(\Rightarrow A<1\)
Vì A>0;A<1
=>A không phải số tự nhiên
=>ĐPCM
Quy đồng A lên thì tử số chia hết cho 20112 còn mẫu số không chia hết cho 20112 vì có \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\) khi quy đồng thì tử không chia hết cho 20112
Vậy A không phải là số tự nhiên
\(\frac{B}{A}=\frac{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2011}{2}+\frac{2010}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{2011}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2010}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2012}+1\right)+1}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{2013}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+\frac{2013}{4}+....+\frac{2013}{2012}+\frac{2013}{2013}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}}\)
\(=\frac{2013\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+....+\frac{1}{2013}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2013}}=2013\)
Ta có: \(A=1.2.3...2010\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2010}\right)\)
\(=\)1.2.3...2010\([\left(1+\frac{1}{2010}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2009}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{1005}+\frac{1}{1006}\right)]\)
\(=\)\(1.2.3...2010\left(\frac{2011}{2010}+\frac{2011}{2009.2}+...+\frac{2011}{1005.1006}\right)\)
\(=2011\left(\frac{2010!}{2010}+\frac{2010!}{2009.2}+...+\frac{2010!}{1005.1006}\right)\)
Suy ra: A ⋮ 2011
Vậy A ⋮ 2011
1) \(P=\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{2}{5^3}+\frac{3}{5^4}+...+\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
\(5P=\frac{1}{5^1}+\frac{2}{5^2}+\frac{3}{5^3}+...+\frac{11}{5^{11}}\)
\(5P-P=\frac{1}{5^1}+\left(\frac{2}{5^2}-\frac{1}{5^2}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{5^3}-\frac{2}{5^3}\right)+...+\left(\frac{11}{5^{11}}-\frac{10}{5^{11}}\right)-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
\(4P=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}-\frac{11}{5^{12}}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+\frac{1}{5^3}+...+\frac{1}{5^{11}}\)
\(5A=1+\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{10}}\)
\(5A-A=1+\frac{1}{5}-\frac{1}{5}+\frac{1}{5^2}-\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{5^{10}}-\frac{1}{5^{11}}\)
\(4A=1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}\Rightarrow A=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}}{4}\)
\(4P=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}}{4}-\frac{11}{5^{12}}=\frac{1-\frac{1}{5^{11}}}{16}-\frac{11}{5^{12}\cdot4}< \frac{1}{16}\)
Xét N :
N = \(\frac{1}{2.2}\)+\(\frac{1}{3.3}\)+\(\frac{1}{4.4}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2009.2009}\)+\(\frac{1}{2010.2010}\)
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2.2}\)< \(\frac{1}{1.2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3.3}\)< \(\frac{1}{2.3}\)
...
\(\frac{1}{2009.2009}\)<\(\frac{1}{2008.2009}\)
\(\frac{1}{2010.2010}\)<\(\frac{1}{2019.2010}\)
Cộng vế theo vế của các bất đẳng thức trên , ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2.2}\)+\(\frac{1}{3.3}\)+\(\frac{1}{4.4}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2009.2009}\)+\(\frac{1}{2010.2010}\) < \(\frac{1}{1.2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2.3}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2008.2009}\)+\(\frac{1}{2019.2010}\)
=> N < 1 - \(\frac{1}{2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2}\)-\(\frac{1}{3}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2009}\)-\(\frac{1}{2010}\)
=> N < 1 - \(\frac{1}{2010}\)<1
=> N < 1
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}-...-\frac{1}{2010^2}>1-\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}-...-\frac{1}{2009.2010}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2010}=\frac{1004}{2010}>\frac{1}{2010}\Rightarrow A>\frac{1}{2010}\)