cho các số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}=3\)
tìm GTLN của A=\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}\)
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Đặt \(a=x^2;b=y^2;c=z^2\)khi đó ta được xyz=1 và biểu thức P viết được thành
\(P=\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}+\frac{1}{y^2+2x^2+3}+\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\)
Ta có \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy;y^2+1\ge2y\Rightarrow x^2+2y^2+3\ge2\left(xy+y+1\right)\)
Do đó ta được \(\frac{1}{x^2+2y^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{xy+y+1}\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta có:
\(\frac{1}{y^2+2z^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{yz+z+1};\frac{1}{z^2+2x^2+3}\le\frac{1}{2}\cdot\frac{1}{zx+z+1}\)
Cộng các vế BĐT trên ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}\right)\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{1}{ab+b+1}+\frac{1}{bc+b+1}+\frac{1}{ca+a+1}=1\)
Do xyz=1 nên ta được
\(\frac{1}{xy+y+1}+\frac{1}{yz+z+1}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=\frac{zx}{z+1+zx}+\frac{x}{1+zx+z}+\frac{1}{zx+x+1}=1\)
Từ đó ta được
\(P\le\frac{1}{2}\). Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=1
Lời giải :
\(P=\frac{1}{a+2b}+\frac{1}{b+2c}+\frac{1}{c+2a}\)
\(P=\frac{1}{9}\cdot\left(\frac{9}{a+b+b}+\frac{9}{b+c+c}+\frac{9}{c+a+a}\right)\)
Áp dụng bđt Cauchy dạng \(\frac{9}{x+y+z}\le\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\)ta có :
\(P\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\cdot9=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
Theo Cauchy: \(\frac{1}{a+2b}=\frac{1}{a+b+b}\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
Tương tự hai BĐT còn lại và cộng theo vế thu được:
\(P\le\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1.
Vậy..
1.Ta có: \(c+ab=\left(a+b+c\right)c+ab\)
\(=ac+bc+c^2+ab\)
\(=a\left(b+c\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\)
\(=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
CMTT \(a+bc=\left(c+a\right)\left(b+c\right)\)
\(b+ca=\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)\)
Từ đó \(P=\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{bc}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{ca}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}}\)
Ta có: \(\sqrt{\frac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)( theo BĐT AM-GM)
CMTT\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{c}{b+c}+\frac{a}{a+b}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2}.3\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Vậy /...
\(\frac{a+1}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{ab^2-b^2}{b^2+1}=a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{b^2+1}\ge a+1-\frac{b^2\left(a+1\right)}{2b}\)
\(=a+1-\frac{b\left(a+1\right)}{2}=a+1-\frac{ab+b}{2}\)
Tương tự rồi cộng lại:
\(RHS\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{ab+bc+ca+a+b+c}{2}\)
\(\ge a+b+c+3-\frac{\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{3}+a+b+c}{2}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra tại \(a=b=c=1\)
\(P=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2-2=\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{c^2}{a^3}+2\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)
\(=\left(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\right)+\left(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\right)-2\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM cho 3 số dương:
\(\frac{a^2}{b^3}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{b^3}.\frac{1}{a}.\frac{1}{a}}=\frac{3}{b}\)
\(\frac{b^2}{c^3}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^2}{c^3}.\frac{1}{b}.\frac{1}{b}}=\frac{3}{c}\)
\(\frac{c^2}{a^3}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}\ge3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{a^3}.\frac{1}{c}.\frac{1}{c}}=\frac{3}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}+\frac{3}{a}-2=3-2=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=3\)
Đặt \(\frac{1}{a}=x,\frac{1}{b}=y,\frac{1}{c}=z\) thì
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y+z=1\\P=\frac{y^3}{x^2}+\frac{z^3}{y^2}+\frac{x^3}{z^2}\end{cases}}\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{x^3}{z^2}+z+z\ge3x,\frac{y^3}{x^2}+x+x\ge3y,\frac{z^3}{y^2}+y+y\ge3z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x^3}{z^2}\ge3x-2z,\frac{y^3}{x^2}\ge3y-2x,\frac{z^3}{y^2}\ge3z-2y\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3x-2z+3y-2x+3z-2y=x+y+z=1\)
Theo đề bài thì ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b+1}=1-\frac{1}{b+c+1}+1-\frac{1}{c+a+1}=\frac{b+c}{b+c+1}+\frac{c+a}{c+a+1}\)
\(\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}}\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{1}{b+c+1}\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}1}\left(2\right)\\\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge2.\sqrt{\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)}}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Nhân (1), (2), (3) vế theo vế ta được
\(\frac{1}{a+b+1}.\frac{1}{b+c+1}.\frac{1}{c+a+1}\ge8.\frac{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{\left(a+b+1\right)\left(b+c+1\right)\left(c+a+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\le\frac{1}{8}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{1}{4}\)
\(7\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=6\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)+3\ge7\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\le3\)Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có :
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{a^3+b^3+1}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{b^3c^3+1+1}}+\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{c^6+1+2a^3+8}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc}}+\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{2c^3+2a^3+8}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc}}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{c^3+a^3+4}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc}}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{c^3+a^3+1+1+1+1}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc}}+\frac{2\sqrt{3}}{6\sqrt{ac}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3bc}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3ac}}\)\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{ac}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{bc}}\right)\)
\(\le\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)}=\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{ac}+\frac{1}{bc}\right)}\le\sqrt{3}\) (Bunhiacopxki)
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
PS : Thánh cx đc phết ha; chế đc bài này tui mới khâm phục :)))
nó ko chém đâu anh nó chép trong toán tuổi thơ đấy,thk này khốn nạn lắm
1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Có bất đẳng thức xy+zt≥x+zy+txy+zt≥x+zy+t với x,z≥0x,z≥0 ,y,t>0y,t>0
Giả sử cc lớn nhất trong các số a,b,ca,b,c thì c≥13c≥13
Do a,b,c≥0a,b,c≥0 nên
Ta có P2≥aa+1+bb+1+cc+1≥a+ba+b+2+cc+1P2≥aa+1+bb+1+cc+1≥a+ba+b+2+cc+1
Mà a+ba+b+2+cc+1−12=1−c3−c+c−12(c+1)=(1−c)(3c−1)(3−c)(2c+2)≥0
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{a+b}=\frac{1}{4}.\left(\frac{4}{a+b}\right)\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\right)\)
\(CMTT:\frac{1}{b+c}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right);\frac{1}{c+a}\le\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A\le\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu"="xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
Vậy Max A= \(\frac{3}{2}\)\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)