Xét tổng S gồm 20 số hạng:
S=\(\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+.......+\frac{1}{20.21.22.23}\)
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Lại phải giải hết
Gọi dãy số trên là A
\(A=\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+.....+\frac{1}{200.201.202.203}\)
\(3A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}-.....+\frac{1}{200.201.202}-\frac{1}{201.202.203}\)
\(3A=\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{201.202.203}\)(chỗ này lm hơi tắt tí )
\(3A=\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{8242206}=\frac{1373701}{8242206}-\frac{1}{8242206}=\frac{1373700}{8242206}\)
\(A=\frac{1373700}{8242206}:3=\frac{457900}{8242206}\)
Biến đổi ở phân số dạng tổng quát :
\(\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}=\frac{3}{3n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}=\frac{3+n-n}{3n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{n+3}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}-\frac{n}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}\right]\)
Áp dụng kết quả này vào bài được :
\(\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot4}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}\right],\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot5}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{2\cdot3\cdot4}-\frac{1}{3\cdot4\cdot5}\right],...\)
\(\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{n(n+1)(n+2)}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}\right]\)
Cộng từng vế,ta được : \(S=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{1\cdot2\cdot3}-\frac{1}{(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)}\right]\)
P/S : Xong
Ta có: S= \(\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(3S=\frac{3}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{3}{2.3.4.5}+...+\frac{3}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}-\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow S=\frac{\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}}{3}\)
Vậy \(S=\frac{\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{27.28.29.30}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{3}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{3}{2.3.4.5}+...+\frac{3}{27.28.29.30}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}-\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{27.28.29}-\frac{1}{28.29.30}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{28.29.30}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{47.48.49.50}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}-\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{47.48.49}-\frac{1}{48.49.50}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{48.49.50}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\cdot\frac{6533}{39200}=\frac{6533}{117600}\)
Biến đổi phân số ở dạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}=\frac{3}{3n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}=\frac{3+n-n}{3n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{n+3}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}-\frac{n}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+2\right)}\right]\)
=\(\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right]\)
Áp dụng kết quả vào bài, ta được:
\(\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}\right],\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{2.3.4}-\frac{1}{3.4.5}\right]\),...
\(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right]\)
Cộng từng vế, ta được:
\(S=\frac{1}{3}\left[\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)}\right].\)
\(S=\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4.5}+.....+\frac{1}{20.21.22.23}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{3}{1.2.3.4}+\frac{3}{2.3.4.5}+......+\frac{3}{20.21.22.23}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{2.3.4}-\frac{1}{3.4.5}+.....+\frac{1}{20.21.22}-\frac{1}{21.22.23}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{21.22.23}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{295}{1771}=\frac{295}{3542}\)