tìm x nguyên để (x+2)/(x^2-1) nguyên
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\(A=\dfrac{x^2+x}{x^2-2x+1}:\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{1-x}+\dfrac{2-x^2}{x^2-x}\right)\left(1\right)\)
a) A xác định \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne0\\x\ne1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}:\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x-1}+\dfrac{2-x^2}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}:\left(\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+x+2-x^2}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}:\left(\dfrac{x^2-1+x+2-x^2}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}:\left(\dfrac{x+1}{x\left(x-1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)^2}.\dfrac{x\left(x-1\right)}{x+1}=\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}\)
b) Để \(A=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2=-\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+x+1=0\)
\(\Delta=1-8=-7< 0\)
Nên phương trình trên vô nghiệm \(\left(x\in\varnothing\right)\)
c) Để \(A< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}< 1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2< x+1\left(x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-1< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}-1< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{5}{4}< 0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2< \dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\sqrt[]{5}}{2}< x-\dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{\sqrt[]{5}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{-\sqrt[]{5}+1}{2}< x< \dfrac{\sqrt[]{5}+1}{2}\)
d) Để A nguyên
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x^2}{x+1}\in Z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x\left(x+1\right)⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x^2+x⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-x-1⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-1⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\left(x\in Z\right)\)
a) ĐKXĐ: \(x\notin\left\{2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có: \(P=\left(\dfrac{x}{x^2-4}+\dfrac{2}{2-x}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}\right):\dfrac{1}{x+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2\left(x+2\right)+x-2}{\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+2}{1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x-2x+4+x-2}{x-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{x-2}\)
b) Để P nguyên thì \(2⋮x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{3;1;4;0\right\}\)
a: \(P=\dfrac{x+3-3x+3}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}:\dfrac{x-1-2}{x-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x-1}{x-3}=\dfrac{-2}{x+1}\)
b: Để P<0 thì x+1>0
hay x>-1
c: Để Q=(-2x)/(x+1) là số nguyên thì \(-2x-2+2⋮x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;-2;-3\right\}\)
Lời giải:
a. ĐKXĐ: $x\geq 0$
$P< \frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}< \frac{1}{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}}{\sqrt{x}+2}-\frac{1}{2}<0$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{\sqrt{x}-2}{2(\sqrt{x}+2)}<0$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x}-2<0$ (do mẫu dương rồi)
$\Leftrightarrow 0\leq x< 4$
Kết hợp đkxđ suy ra $0\leq x< 4$
b.
Với $x\geq 0$ thì $P\geq 0$
Lại có: $P<1$ (do tử nhỏ hơn mẫu)
$\Rightarrow P$ nguyên khi mà $P=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=0$
Bài 1:
Để biểu thức nhận giá trị nguyên thì \(3\sqrt{x}+1⋮2\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow6\sqrt{x}+2⋮2\sqrt{x}-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}-1\in\left\{1;-1;5\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x}\in\left\{2;0;6\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{4;0;36\right\}\)