Cho 200g dd K2CO3 13,8% td vs 100g dd HCl 18,25% thu đc dd A và khí B
a) Viết PTPU và tính thể tích khí B (đktc)
b) Tính C% của các chất có trong dd A
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a, \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.84}{64,8}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{MgSO_4}\approx74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Dung dịch C gồm: MgCl2, MgSO4 và HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=64,8-0,2.84=48\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{120}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 64,8 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 156 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{156}.100\%\approx12,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{156}.100\%\approx2,34\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{156}.100\%\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PT: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}+n_{MgSO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{MgO}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2\uparrow+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot7,3\%}{36,5}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{K_2CO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{KCl}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{ddK_2CO_3}=\dfrac{0,2\cdot138}{13,8\%}=200\left(g\right)\\V_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\m_{KCl}=0,4\cdot74,5=29,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{K_2CO_3}=\dfrac{4.14}{138}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.2\cdot0.35=0.07\left(mol\right)\)
\(K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(0.03..........0.06.........0.06.......0.03\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0.03\cdot22.4=0.672\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.07-0.06=0.01\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl\left(dư\right)}}=\dfrac{0.01}{0.2}=0.05\left(M\right)\)
\(C_{M_{KCl}}=\dfrac{0.06}{0.2}=0.3\left(M\right)\)
\(a) n_{CH_3COOH} = \dfrac{200.12\%}{60} = 0,4(mol)\\ 2CH_3COOH + CaCO_3 \to (CH_3COO)_2Ca + CO_2 + H_2O\\ n_{CaCO_3} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{CH_3COOH} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow a = \dfrac{0,2.100}{100\%-20\%} =25(gam)\\ V_B = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\\ b) m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = m_{CaCO_3} + m_{dd\ CH_3COOH} - m_{CO_2} = 0,2.100 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 219,6(gam)\\ C\%_{(CH_3COO)_2Ca} = \dfrac{0,2.158}{219,6}.100\% = 36\%\)
\(Đặt:n_{Na_2CO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{K_2CO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\\ Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ K_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2KCl+CO_2+H_2O\\ CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}106a+138b=38,2\\a+b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\\ a.C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,6.36,5}{200}.100=10,95\%\\ b.m_{ddB}=38,2+200-0,3.44=225\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddKCl}=\dfrac{74,5.2.0,2}{225}.100\approx13,244\%\\ C\%_{ddNaCl}=\dfrac{58,5.2.0,1}{225}.100=5,2\%\)
- Cả 2 chất trong hhA đều tác dụng được với dd HCl dư. Nhưng chỉ có Zn tác dụng với dd HCl dư mới sinh ra khí H2
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:\left(1\right)Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \left(2\right)ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\\ TheoPTHH\left(1\right):n_{Zn}=n_{ZnCl_2\left(1\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ZnO}=m_{hhA}-m_{Zn}=21,1-65.0,2=8,1\left(g\right)\\ n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{8,1}{81}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2\left(2\right)}=n_{ZnO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2\left(tổng\right)}=0,2+0,1=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddB}=m_{hhA}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=21,1+200-0,2.2=220,7\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddZnCl_2}=\dfrac{136.0,3}{220,7}.100\%\approx18,487\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2\left(1\right)}=0,2mol\\ n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{21,1-0,2.65}{81}=0,1mol\\ ZnO+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\\ n_{ZnCl_2\left(2\right)}=n_{ZnO}=0,1mol\\ C_{\%B}=C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,2+0,1\right).136}{21,1+200-0,2.2}\cdot100\%=18,49\%\)
mNa2CO3 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{100.10,6\%}{100\%}\)= 10,6 (g)
nNa2CO3 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{10,6}{106}\)= 0,1 (mol)
mH2SO4 = \(\frac{md.C\%}{100\%}\)= \(\frac{200.9,8\%}{100\%}\)= 19,6 (g)
nH2SO4 = \(\frac{m}{M}\)= \(\frac{19,6}{98}\)= 0,2 (mol)
Khi cho Na2CO3 tác dụng với H2SO4, ta có PTHH:
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\)Na2SO4 + CO2\(\uparrow\)+ H2O
0,1 : 0,2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\frac{0,1}{1}\)< \(\frac{0,2}{1}\)=> H2SO4 dư, dưa vào nNa2CO3 để tính
Na2CO3 + H2SO4 \(\rightarrow\) Na2SO4 + CO2\(\uparrow\)+ H2O
0,1 \(\rightarrow\)0,1 : 0,1 : 0,1 : 0,1 (mol)
a. VCO2 = n.22,4 = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24 (l)
b. Các chất sau phản ứng gồm Na2SO4 và H2SO4 dư
mdsau = mdNa2CO3 + mdH2SO4 - mCO2 = 100 + 200 - 0,1.44 = 295,6 (g)
C%Na2CO3 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{0,1.106}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,6 %
C%H2SO4 = \(\frac{mt}{md}\). 100% = \(\frac{\left(0,2-0,1\right)98}{295,6}\). 100% \(\approx\)3,31%
\(n_{K2CO3}=\dfrac{200.13,8\%}{100\%.138}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{100.18,25\%}{100\%.36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(K_2CO_3+HCl\rightarrow KCl+CO_2+H_2O|\)
0,2 0,5 0,2 0,2
Lập tỉ số so sánh : \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,5}{1}\Rightarrow K_2CO3hết,HCldư\)
\(V_{CO2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
b) \(m_{KCl}=0,2.74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,5.0,4\right).40=4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=200+100-\left(0,2.44\right)=291,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{K2CO3}=\dfrac{14,9.100}{219,2}=5,12\%\)
\(C\%_{ddNaOH\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{4.100}{291,2}=1,37\%\)
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