Hòa tan hết 2,7g Al vào 100g dd HCl.
a) viết pt.
b) Tính VH2 (đktc).
c) Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dd axit cần dùng?
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\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\m_{ddsau} =2,7+400-0,15.2=402,4\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{400}.100=3,675\%\\ C\%_{ddAl_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,05}{402,4}.100\approx4,25\%\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,15.98}{400}.100=3,675\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ m_{ddsaupu}=2,7+400-0,15.2=402,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,05.342}{402,4}.100=4,25\%\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{26}{65}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,4 0,8 0,4 0,4
a) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,4.22,4=8,96\left(l\right)\)
b) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,4.2}{1}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,8.36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{14,6}=200\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,4.1}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,4.136=54,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=26+200-\left(0,4.2\right)=225,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{54,4.100}{225,2}=24,16\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a, \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.84}{64,8}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{MgSO_4}\approx74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, - Dung dịch C gồm: MgCl2, MgSO4 và HCl dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{MgSO_4}=64,8-0,2.84=48\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{120}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Có: m dd sau pư = 64,8 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 156 (g)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{156}.100\%\approx12,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{156}.100\%\approx2,34\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{156}.100\%\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, PT: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}+n_{MgSO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{MgO}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
a, \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{\dfrac{4}{15}.27}{10}.100\%=72\%\\\%m_{Cu}=28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.98=39,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{39,2}{300}.100\%\approx13,067\%\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{200\cdot39.2\%}{98}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
Lập tỉ lệ :
\(\dfrac{0.2}{2}< \dfrac{0.8}{3}\) => H2SO4 dư
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\cdot0.2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd}=5.4+200-0.3\cdot2=204.8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{204.8}\cdot100\%=16.7\%\)
\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2mol\\ a.MgCO_3+H_2SO_4->MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\\ 2NaOH+H_2SO_{\text{4 }}->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\\ b.n_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.80.0,1:40=0,1mol\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(MgCO_3\right)}=0,2mol\\ c.C\%=\dfrac{98.0,3}{200}.100\%=14,7\%\\ V=0,2.22,4=4,48L\\ d.m_{ddsau}=200+16,8-44.0,2+80=288g\\ C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{40.0,1}{288}.100\%=1,39\%\\ C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120.0,2}{288}.100\%=8,33\%\)
\(n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{16,8}{84}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{80}{40}=2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(MgCO_3+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
0,2 0,2 0,2
\(2NaOH+H_2SO_4\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\)
2 1 1
Vậy có 0,2 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với MgCO3
có 1 mol H2SO4 phản ứng với NaOH
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=1,2.98=117,6\left(g\right)\)
\(c,C\%_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{117,6}{200}.100\%=58,8\%\)
\(V_{CO_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
\(d,m_{Na_2SO_4}=1.142=142\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{80.100}{10}=800\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddH_2SO_4dư}=1.98:58,8\%\approx166,67\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=800+166,67=966,67\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{142}{966,67}.100\%\approx14,69\%\)
2Al+6HCl->2AlCl3+3H2
0,1----0,3------------------0,15 mol
n Al=0,1 mol
=>VH2=0,15.22,4=3,36l
=>C% HCl=\(\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{100}100=10,95\%\)
`a) 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`b) n_{Al} = (2,7)/(27) = 0,1 (mol)`
Theo PT: `n_{H_2} = 3/2 n_{Al} = 0,15 (mol)`
`=> V_{H_2} = 0,15.22,4 = 3,36 (l)`
`c)` Theo PT: `n_{HCl} = 3n_{Al} = 0,3 (mol)`
`=> C\%_{HCl} = (0,3.36,5)/(100) .100\% = 10,95\%`