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\(B=2\Sigma_{sym}\sqrt{ab}+3\left(a+b+c+d\right)\le6\left(a+b+c+d\right)\le6\)
a) \(A=\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^2=2a+2b\le2\)
Vậy GTLN của A là 2 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}\\a+b=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow a=b=\frac{1}{2}}\)
b) Ta có : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4=2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right)\)
Tương tự : \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+c^2+6ac\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+d^2+6ad\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+c^2+6bc\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+d^2+6bd\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(c^2+d^2+6cd\right)\)
Cộng các vế lại, ta được :
\(B\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bd+2cd+2bc\right)=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow B\le6\)
Vậy GTLN của B là 6 \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\sqrt{d}\\a+b+c+d=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{4}\)
Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4\)
\(=\left(a+2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)^2+\left(a-2\sqrt{ab}+b\right)^2\)
\(=a^2+4ab+b^2+4a\sqrt{ab}+4b\sqrt{ab}+2ab+a^2+b^2-4a\sqrt{ab}-4b\sqrt{ab}+2ab\)
\(=2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right).\)(1)
Mà \(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+b^2+6ab\right).\)
Chứng minh tương tự ta cũng có:
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+c^2+6ac\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(a^2+d^2+6ad\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2\le2\left(b^2+c^2+6bc\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(b^2+d^2+6bd\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\le2\left(c^2+d^2+6cd\right)\)
Suy ra :
\(A\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2bd+2cd\right)\)
\(=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)
\(\le6.1^2=6\)
Vậy giá trị lớn nhất của \(A=6\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{a}=\sqrt{b}=\sqrt{c}=\sqrt{d}\\a+b+c+d=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\frac{1}{4}.\)
\(B=\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\right]+\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4\right]+\)
\(\left[\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^4\right]\)\(\ge\frac{\left(a+b+2\sqrt{ab}+c+d+2\sqrt{cd}\right)^2+\left(a+c+2\sqrt{ac}+b+d+2\sqrt{bd}\right)^2+\left(a+d+2\sqrt{ad}+b+c+2\sqrt{bc}\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(3a+3b+3c+3d+2\sqrt{ab}+2\sqrt{bc}+2\sqrt{ca}+2\sqrt{ad}+2\sqrt{cd}+2\sqrt{bd}\right)^2}{6}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{c}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{d}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{d}\right)^2}{6}\)
tiếp tục sử dụng như hỗi nãy ta có:
\(\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+\sqrt{d}\right)^2}{2}\)
Bài 1 :
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}\frac{z}{4}}=\left|x-1\right|=1-x\)
\(\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}\frac{x}{4}}=\left|y-1\right|=1-y\)
\(\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\frac{y}{4}}=\left|z-1\right|=1-z\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{z}{4}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{x}{4}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}+\frac{y}{4}\ge1-x+1-y+1-z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{z}+\frac{\left(y-1\right)^2}{x}+\frac{\left(z-1\right)^2}{y}\ge3-\left(x+y+z\right)-\frac{x+y+z}{4}=3-2-\frac{2}{4}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy GTNN của \(A=\frac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{2}{3}\)
\(\cos\alpha=\sqrt{1-\sin^2\alpha}=\sqrt{1-\left(\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-1}{4}\right)^2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{12+2\sqrt{3}}}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\cos\alpha=\dfrac{\sqrt{12+2\sqrt{3}}}{2}\). Chọn B.
Lời giải:
a. $y=\sqrt{x^2+x-2}\geq 0$ (tính chất cbh số học)
Vậy $y_{\min}=0$. Giá trị này đạt tại $x^2+x-2=0\Leftrightarrow x=1$ hoặc $x=-2$
b.
$y^2=6+2\sqrt{(2+x)(4-x)}\geq 6$ do $2\sqrt{(2+x)(4-x)}\geq 0$ theo tính chất căn bậc hai số học
$\Rightarrow y\geq \sqrt{6}$ (do $y$ không âm)
Vậy $y_{\min}=\sqrt{6}$ khi $x=-2$ hoặc $x=4$
$y^2=(\sqrt{2+x}+\sqrt{4-x})^2\leq (2+x+4-x)(1+1)=12$ theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky
$\Rightarrow y\leq \sqrt{12}=2\sqrt{3}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=2\sqrt{3}$ khi $2+x=4-x\Leftrightarrow x=1$
c. ĐKXĐ: $-2\leq x\leq 2$
$y^2=(x+\sqrt{4-x^2})^2\leq (x^2+4-x^2)(1+1)$ theo BĐT Bunhiacopxky
$\Leftrightarrow y^2\leq 8$
$\Leftrightarrow y\leq 2\sqrt{2}$
Vậy $y_{\max}=2\sqrt{2}$ khi $x=\sqrt{2}$
Mặt khác:
$x\geq -2$
$\sqrt{4-x^2}\geq 0$
$\Rightarrow y\geq -2$
Vậy $y_{\min}=-2$ khi $x=-2$
Mấy cái bước suy ra ≥;≤ là có công thức hay là định lý gì không ạ ?
\(\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4\le\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)^4+\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)^4=2a^2+2b^2+6ab\)
\(tt\Rightarrow B\le6\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2+2ab+2ac+2ad+2bc+2bd+2cd\right)=6\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\le6\)
\(dấu"='\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=d=\dfrac{1}{4}\)