Hòa tan hết 5,4 gam nhôm trong dung dịch HCl 2,4 M thì vừa đủ:
a) Viết PTHH minh họa
b) Tính v\(_{H_2}\) (đktc) thu được
c) Tính \(_{C_m}\) của dung dịch muối tạo thành sau phản ứng. Biết \(V_{dd}\) không thay đổi
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a) $2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
b) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{H_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c) $n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,3.98}{19,6\%} = 150(gam)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,4 + 150 - 0,3.2 = 154,8(gam)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,1.342}{154,8}.100\% = 22,09\%$
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=1,5.n_{Al}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{19,6\%}=150(g)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,5.n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{5,4+150-0,3.2}.100\%=22,09\%\)
a) pt: 2Al + 6HCl \(\rightarrow\) 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nAl = \(\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
Theo pt: nH2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}nAl=0,3mol\)
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72lit
c) nHCl = 3nAl = 0,6mol
=> mHCl = 21,9g
=> C% = \(\dfrac{21,9}{200}.100\%=10,95\%\)
d) Bảo toàn khối lượng
mdung dich muối = mAl + mHCl - mH2
= 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8g
Theo pt:nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2mol
=> mAlCl3 = 0,2.133,5 = 26,7g
=> C%dd muối = \(\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,03\%\)
e) H2 + CuO \(\xrightarrow[]{t^o}\) Cu + H2O
nCu = nH2 = 0,3mol
=> mCu = 0,3.64 = 19,2g
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Mg}=n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=2.0,4=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{HCl}=0,8.36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\\ b,m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\\ m_{ddsau}=0,4.24+292-0,4.2=300,8\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,4.95}{300,8}.100\approx12,633\%\)
\(a) Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ b) n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{6,5}{65} = 0,1(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,1.22,4 = 2,24(lít)\\ c) n_{HCl} = 2n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,2.36,5}{3,75\%} = 194,67(gam)\\ d) n_{ZnCl_2} = n_{Zn} = 0,1(mol)\\ m_{ZnCl_2} = 0,1.136 = 13,6(gam)\)
\(a,PTHH:2X+6HCl\to 2XCl_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow n_{X}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow M_{X}=\dfrac{5,4}{0,2}=27(g/mol)\)
Vậy X là nhôm (Al)
\(c,n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7(g)\)
\(m_{HCl}=50.7,3\%=3,65\left(g\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{3,65}{36,5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2\left(ĐKTC\right)}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\\ m_{ZnCl_2}=0,05.136=6,8\left(g\right)\)
mHCl=50.7,3%=3,65(g) -> nHCl=0,1(mol)
a) PTHH: Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2
nH2=nZnCl2=nZn=nHCl/2= 0,1/2=0,05(mol)
b) m=mZn=0,05.65=3,25(g)
c) V(H2,đktc)=0,05.22,4=1,12(l)
d) mZnCl2= 136.0,05= 7,8(g)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(0.2..........0.3...............0.1...........0.3\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=0.3\cdot98=29.4\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{H_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{29.4\cdot100}{20}=147\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0.1\cdot342=34.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng }}=5.4+147-0.3\cdot2=151.8\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34.2}{151.8}\cdot100\%=22.53\%\)
`a)PTHH:`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`0,2` `0,6` `0,2` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[Al] = [ 5,4 ] / 27 = 0,2 (mol)`
`b) V_[H_2] = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72 (l)`
`c) V_[dd HCl] = [ 0,6 ] / [ 2,4 ] = 0,25 (l)`
`=> C_[M_[AlCl_3]] = [ 0,2 ] / [ 0,25 ] = 0,8 (M)`
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6 0,2 0,3 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\)
\(V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,6}{2,4}=0,25l\)
\(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,25}=0,8M\)