Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 6,4g Cu trong O2 có V = 3,36 lít (đktc)
a) Viết PTHH
b) Tính khối lượng chất dư sau phản ứng
c) Tính khối lượng oxit thu được
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\(a) Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ b) n_{H_2} = n_{Zn} = \dfrac{14,3}{65} = 0,22(mol)\\ V_{H_2} = 0,22.22,4 = 4,928(lít)\\ b) n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ 2H_2 + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2H_2O\\ \dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2} = 0,11 <\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{1} = 0,15 \to O_2\ dư\\ n_{O_2\ pư} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2} = 0,11(mol)\\ m_{O_2\ dư} = (0,15 - 0,11).32 = 1,28(gam)\\ n_{H_2O} = n_{H_2} = 0,22(mol) \Rightarrow m_{H_2O} = 0,22.18 = 3,96(gam)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12.6}{56}=0.225\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4.2}{22.4}=0.1875\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)
\(3.........2\)
\(0.225......0.1875\)
Lập tỉ lệ : \(\dfrac{0.225}{3}< \dfrac{0.1875}{2}\Rightarrow O_2dư\)
\(m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.1875-0.225\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\cdot32=1.2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{0.225}{3}\cdot232=17.4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1:
a, PT: \(Na_2O+H_2O\rightarrow2NaOH\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Na_2O}=\dfrac{31}{62}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{27}{18}=1,5\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,5}{1}< \dfrac{1,5}{1}\), ta được H2O dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{Na_2O}=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=1.40=40\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2O\left(pư\right)}=n_{Na_2O}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=1,5-0,5=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2O\left(dư\right)}=1.18=18\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
a, PT: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
b, Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{2}\), ta được CH4 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CH_4\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,1-0,075=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{CH_4\left(dư\right)}=0,025.22,4=0,56\left(l\right)\)
c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{O_2}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=n_{O_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ m sản phẩm = mCO2 + mH2O = 0,075.44 + 0,15.18 = 6 (g)
\(a,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,4=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,2.102=20,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{\left(đktc\right)}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ Lập.tỉ.lệ:\dfrac{n_{Al}}{4}>\dfrac{n_{O_2}}{3}\Rightarrow Al.dư\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{4}{3}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{3}.0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al\left(dư\right)}=n_{Al\left(bđ\right)}-n_{Al\left(pư\right)}=0,4-0,2=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.PTHH:n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2O_3}=n.M=0,1=102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
\(a,m_C=48\left(g\right)\rightarrow n_C=\dfrac{m_C}{M_C}=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=44,8\left(l\right)\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(4mol\) \(2mol\)
Xét tỉ lệ:
\(\dfrac{n_{C\left(đb\right)}}{n_{C\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{4}{1}=4>\dfrac{n_{O_2\left(đb\right)}}{n_{O_2\left(pt\right)}}=\dfrac{2}{1}=2\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(O_2\) hết, \(C\) dư.
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\)
\(pt:\) \(1mol\) \(1mol\)
\(đb:\) \(2mol\) \(2mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=n_{CO_2}.M_{CO_2}=2.\left(1.C+2.O\right)=2.\left(1.12+2.16\right)=88\left(g\right)\)
\(a.n_C=\dfrac{48}{12}=4\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=\dfrac{44,8}{22,4}=2\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\)
Theo pt:\(\dfrac{4}{1}>\dfrac{2}{1}\Rightarrow C\) dư, O2 pư hết
\(b.C+O_2\xrightarrow[t^0]{}CO_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=n_{O_2}=2mol\\ m_{CO_2}=2.44=88\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) ⇒ 64x + 56y + 27z = 40,4 (1)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{3}y\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{1}{2}z\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 80x + 232.1/3x + 102.1/2z = 59,6 (2)
- Chất rắn A gồm: Cu, Fe và Al3O3.
⇒ 64x + 56y + 102.1/2z = 50 (3)
Từ (1), (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\left(mol\right)\\y=0,3\left(mol\right)\\z=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mCu = 0,2.64 = 12,8 (g)
mFe = 0,3.56 = 16,8 (g)
mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8 (g)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Cu}+\dfrac{4}{3}n_{Fe}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ 4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}2P_2O_5\\ 0,12........0,15.........0,06\left(mol\right)\\ m_P=0,12.31=3,72\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2P_2O_5\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{7,1}{142}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_P=2n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_P=0,1.31=3,1\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5}{2}n_{P_2O_5}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,125.22,4=2,8\left(l\right)\)
c, Có: \(V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=2,8.15\%=0,42\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=2,8+0,42=3,22\left(l\right)\)
Bài này anh giúp rồi mà em. Em không hiểu chỗ nào nhỉ?
a) 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
b) \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,4}{64}=0,1\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{0,15}{1}\) => Cu hết, O2 dư
PTHH: 2Cu + O2 --to--> 2CuO
0,1->0,05----->0,1
=> mO2(dư) = (0,15 - 0,05).32 = 3,2 (g)
c) mCuO = 0,1.80 = 8(g)
Em cảm ơn anh ạ