cho a/b = c/d. cmr a^2 + c^2 / b^2 + c^2 = a/b
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Câu 1
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=>\left(\frac{a}{b}+1\right)=\left(\frac{c}{d}+1\right)\left(=\right)\frac{a+b}{b}=\frac{c+d}{d}\)
=> ĐPCM
Câu 2
Ta có \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=>\frac{b}{a}=\frac{d}{c}=>\left(\frac{b}{a}+1\right)=\left(\frac{d}{c}+1\right)\left(=\right)\frac{b+a}{a}=\frac{d+c}{c}=>\frac{a}{b+a}=\frac{c}{d+c}\)
=> ĐPCM
Câu 3
Câu 3
Ta có \(\frac{a+b}{a-b}=\frac{c+d}{c-d}\)(=) (a+b).(c-d)=(a-b).(c+d)(=)ac-ad+bc-bd=ac+ad-bc-bd(=)-ad+bc=ad-bc(=) bc+bc=ad+ad(=)2bc=2ad(=)bc=ad=> \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\)
=> ĐPCM
Câu 4
Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\)
\(=>\hept{\begin{cases}a=bk\\c=dk\end{cases}}\)
Ta có \(\frac{ac}{bd}=\frac{bk.dk}{bd}=k^2\left(1\right)\)
Lại có \(\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2k^2+c^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{k^2.\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) => ĐPCM
1.
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với \(\dfrac{2}{3}\), không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là b và c
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
Mặt khác \(0\le a\le1\Rightarrow1-a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(b-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(c-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\left(1-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{2b}{3}+\dfrac{2c}{3}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-abc\ge-\dfrac{2a}{9}+\dfrac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc-\dfrac{4}{9}=-\dfrac{2a}{9}-\dfrac{2ab}{3}-\dfrac{2ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{4ab}{3}-\dfrac{4ac}{3}-2bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{ab}{3}-\dfrac{ac}{3}-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(b+c\right)-bc+\dfrac{16}{9}\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}-\dfrac{a}{3}\left(2-a\right)-\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge-\dfrac{4a}{9}+\dfrac{a^2}{3}-\dfrac{2a}{3}-\dfrac{\left(2-a\right)^2}{4}+\dfrac{16}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca-2abc\ge\dfrac{a^2}{12}-\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{7}{9}=\dfrac{1}{12}\left(a-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2+\dfrac{20}{27}\ge\dfrac{20}{27}\)
\(\Rightarrow ab+bc+ca\ge2abc+\dfrac{20}{27}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\)
=>a=bk ; c=dk
=>\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{bk+b}{dk+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{b^2.\left(k+1\right)^2}{d^2.\left(k+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk\right)^2+b^2}{\left(dk\right)^2+d^2}=\dfrac{\left(b^2\cdot k^2\right)+b^2}{\left(d^2\cdot k^2\right)+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2\cdot\left(k^2+1\right)}{d^2\cdot\left(k^2+1\right)}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) =>\(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)