tìm GTLN, GTNN của các biểu thức sau:
A= | x - 2 | - 5
B = -2 - | x + 4 |
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a) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy \(Min_Q=\dfrac{9}{2}\) khi \(x=\dfrac{2}{5}\).
\(---\)
b) Ta thấy: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|=0\Leftrightarrow x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy \(Min_M=-\dfrac{3}{5}\) khi \(x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\).
\(---\)
c) Ta thấy: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\forall x\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi: \(\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|=0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy \(Max_N=-8\) khi \(x=\dfrac{7}{4}\).
a) Ta có: \(\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow Q=\dfrac{9}{2}+\left|\dfrac{2}{5}-x\right|\ge\dfrac{9}{2}\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:
\(\dfrac{2}{5}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
Vậy: ...
b) Ta có: \(\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left|x+\dfrac{2}{3}\right|-\dfrac{3}{5}\ge-\dfrac{3}{5}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(x+\dfrac{2}{3}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-\dfrac{2}{3}\)
Vậy: ...
c) Ta có: \(-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow N=-\left|\dfrac{7}{4}-x\right|-8\le-8\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra:
\(\dfrac{7}{4}-x=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
Vậy: ...
Bài 5:
a) \(A=x^2-4x+9=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5=\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
\(minA=5\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(B=x^2-x+1=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(minB=\dfrac{3}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(C=2x^2-6x=2\left(x^2-3x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\ge-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(minC=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 4:
a) \(M=4x-x^2+3=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7\le7\)
\(maxM=7\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
b) \(N=x-x^2=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(maxN=\dfrac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c) \(P=2x-2x^2-5=-2\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)-\dfrac{9}{2}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{9}{2}\le-\dfrac{9}{2}\)
\(maxP=-\dfrac{9}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}\Leftrightarrow Ax^2+A=4x+3\\ \Leftrightarrow Ax^2-4x+A-3=0\)
Coi đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn x thì PT có nghiệm
\(\Leftrightarrow\Delta=16-4A\left(A-3\right)\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow16-4A^2+12A\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-A^2+3A+4\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow-1\le A\le4\)
Vậy \(A_{max}=4;A_{min}=-1\)
\(A_{max}=4\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=4\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ A_{min}=-1\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x+3}{x^2+1}=-1\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=-4x-3\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
Câu 2:
ĐKXĐ: x<>0
\(B=\dfrac{-x^2-x-1}{x^2}\)
\(=-1-\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{x^2}\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{x}+1\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+2\cdot\dfrac{1}{x}\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}< =-\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x< >0\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi 1/x+1/2=0
=>1/x=-1/2
=>x=-2
a: \(A\ge-5\forall x,y\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=2 và y=-1
a: =-x^2+6x-4
=-(x^2-6x+4)
=-(x^2-6x+9-5)
=-(x-3)^2+5<=5
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=3
b: =3(x^2-5/3x+7/3)
=3(x^2-2*x*5/6+25/36+59/36)
=3(x-5/6)^2+59/12>=59/12
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=5/6
c: \(=-\left(x-3\right)^2+2\left|x-3\right|\)
\(=-\left[\left(\left|x-3\right|\right)^2-2\left|x-3\right|+1-1\right]\)
\(=-\left(\left|x-3\right|-1\right)^2+1< =1\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=4 hoặc x=2
a) \(2x^2-x+1=2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{8}\ge\dfrac{7}{8}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
b) \(5x-x^2+4=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{41}{4}\le\dfrac{41}{4}\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
c) \(x^2+5y^2-2xy+4y+3=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(2y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(ĐTXR\Leftrightarrow\)\(x=y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: ta có: \(-x^2+5x+4\)
\(=-\left(x^2-5x-4\right)\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{25}{4}-\dfrac{41}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{41}{4}\le\dfrac{41}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
a: =x^2-6x+9+x^2-6x+9
=2(x-3)^2>=0
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=3
b: =-(x^2+4x+y^2-2y)
=-(x^2+4x+4+y^2-2y+1-5)
=-(x+2)^2-(y-1)^2+5<=5
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=-2 và y=1
Trả lời:
a, \(x^2-6x+11=x^2-6x+9+2=\left(x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 3 = 0 <=> x = 3
Vậy GTNN của biểu thức bằng 2 khi x = 3
b, \(-x^2+6x-11=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)=-\left(x^2-6x+9+2\right)=-\left[\left(x-3\right)^2+2\right]\)
\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2\le-2\forall x\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 3 = 0 <=> x = 3
Vậy GTLN của biểu thức bằng - 2 khi x = 3
c, \(x^2+2x+2=x^2+2x+1+1=\left(x+1\right)^2+1\ge1>0\forall x\inℤ\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x + 1 = 0 <=> x = - 1