Cho 2,8 gam sắt tác dụng với 14,6 g dung dịch HCl a) Tính mol muối tạo thành sau phản ứng? b) tính thể tích H2 (đktc) thu đc ?
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\(1.\\ n_A=\dfrac{16,8}{A}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,437}{24,79}=0,3mol\\ A+2HCl\rightarrow ACl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{16,8}{A}=0,3\\ \Rightarrow A=56g/mol\\ \Rightarrow A.là.Fe\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.A\\ 2.\\ n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1mol\\ Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,1.24,79=2,479l\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 3.\\ Axit:H_2SO_4;HCl\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\\ 4.\\ 3,719l\Rightarrow3,7185\\ CTHH:R\\ n_R=\dfrac{3,6}{R}mol\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15mol\\ R+2HCl\rightarrow RCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{3,6}{R}=0,15\\ \Rightarrow R=24g/mol,Mg\\ \Rightarrow Chọn.B\)
\(a/2Al+3H_2SO_4\xrightarrow[]{}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(b/30ml=0,03l\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.0,03=0,0015\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,0015.2}{3}=0,001\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al}=0,001.27=0,027\left(g\right)\\ n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{0,0015}{2}=0,00075\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,00075.342=0,2565\left(g\right)\)
\(c/n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,0015.3}{3}=0,0015\left(mol\right)\\ V_{H_2}=0,0015.24,79=0,037185\left(l\right)\)
\(a.2Al+3H_2SO_4->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ b.n_{Al}=1,5.0,5.0,03=0,0375mol\\ m_{Al}=0,0375.27=1,0125g\\ m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot0,03\cdot0,5=1,71g\\V_{H_2}=24,79.0,5.0,03=0,37185L\)
PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{22,4}\approx0,166\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,166\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,332\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,166\cdot56=9,296\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,332}{0,15}\approx2,21\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
b, \(C_{M_{ddHCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=2M\)
a, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: R + 2HCl → RCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,15 0,3 0,15
\(M_R=\dfrac{8,4}{0,15}=56\left(g/mol\right)\)
⇒ R là sắt (Fe)
b, \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5.100}{15}=73\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right);n_{HCl}=\dfrac{365.10\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\\PTHH:Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{1}{2}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\Rightarrow HCldư\\ n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=136.0,1=13,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{3,25}{65}=0,05mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,05 0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,05.22,4=1,12l\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,1.36,5=3,65g\)
\(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)3Fe+4H_2O\)
0,05 0,0375 ( mol )
\(m_{Fe}=0,0375.56=2,1g\)
Pt: Fe + 2HCl => FeCl2 + H2
nFe = \(\dfrac{2,8}{56}=0,05mol\)
nHCl = \(\dfrac{14,6}{36,5}=0,4mol\)
nFe : nHCl = \(\dfrac{0,05}{1}:\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,05:0,2=1:4\)
=> HCl dư
a) nFeCl2 = nFe = 0,05 mol => mFeCl2 = 6,35g
b) nH2 = nFe = 0,05 mol => VH2 = 0,05.22,4 = 1,12 lít