tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất , lớn nhất của biểu thức :
a. x^2 + x + 1
b. 2^2 +2x+1
c. x^2 -3x +5
d. (2x-1)^2+(x+2)
e. 4-x^2+2x
f. 4x-x^2
g. 1-4x-2x^2
h. x^2-4x+y^2+2y-5
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\(A=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+4=\left(x-2\right)^2+4\ge4\)
\(minA=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
\(B=\left(4x^2-12x+9\right)+2=\left(2x-3\right)^2+2\ge2\)
\(minB=2\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(C=3\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-8=3\left(x+1\right)^2-8\ge-8\)
\(minC=-8\Leftrightarrow x=-1\)
\(D=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4=-\left(x-1\right)^2-4\le-4\)
\(maxD=-4\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(E=-\left(4x^2-6x+\dfrac{9}{4}\right)-\dfrac{11}{4}=-\left(2x-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)^2-\dfrac{11}{4}\le-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(maxA=-\dfrac{11}{4}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(F=-2\left(x^2-\dfrac{1}{2}x+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)-\dfrac{55}{8}=-2\left(x-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2-\dfrac{55}{8}\le-\dfrac{55}{8}\)
\(maxF=-\dfrac{55}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(G=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+\left(y^2+y+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-2y\right)^2+\left(y+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(maxG=\dfrac{3}{4}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=-\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(H=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+16=-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(y+2\right)^2+16\le16\)
\(maxH=16\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(A=x^4-2x^3+2x^2-2x+3\)
\(=\left(x^4+2x^2+1\right)-\left(2x^3+2x\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)^2-2x\left(x^2+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+2\)
\(=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}x^2\ge0\\\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x^2+1\ge1\\\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x = 1
Vậy Amin = 2 khi x = 1
b, \(B=4x^2-2\left|2x-1\right|-4x+5=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)-2\left|2x-1\right|+4=\left(2x-1\right)^2-2\left|2x-1\right|+4\)
đề sai ko
c, \(C=4-x^2+2x=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+5=-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\)
Vì \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\Rightarrow C=-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\le5\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=1
Vậy Cmin = 5 khi x = 1
2/
+) \(D=-x^2-y^2+x+y+3=-\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}\right)-\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{7}{2}=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{2}\)
Vì \(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\\-\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\end{cases}\Rightarrow-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0}\Rightarrow D=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{7}{2}\le\frac{7}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=y=1/2
Vậy Dmax=7/2 khi x=y=1/2
+) Đề sai
+)bài này là tìm min
\(G=x^2-3x+5=\left(x^2-3x+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{11}{4}=\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{11}{4}\ge\frac{11}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=3/2
Vậy Gmin=11/4 khi x=3//2
a: Ta có: \(x^2+x+1\)
\(=x^2+2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b: Ta có: \(-x^2+x+2\)
\(=-\left(x^2-2\cdot x\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{9}{4}\right)\)
\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{9}{4}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
a) Giá trị lớn nhất:
\(A=2x-3x^2-4=-3\left(x^2-\frac{2}{3}x+\frac{4}{3}\right)=-3\left[x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{3}+\left(\frac{1}{3}\right)^2+\frac{35}{9}\right]=-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}^2\right)-\frac{35}{3}\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
Nên \(-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2\le0\left(x\in R\right)\)
do đó \(-3\left(x-\frac{1}{3}\right)^2-\frac{35}{3}\le-\frac{35}{3}\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Max_A=-\frac{35}{3}\)khi \(x-\frac{1}{3}=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{1}{3}\)
\(B=-x^2-4x=-\left(x^2+4x\right)=-\left(x^2+2.x.2+2^2-2^2\right)=-\left(x+2\right)^2+4\)
Vì \(\left(x+2\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(-\left(x+2\right)^2\le0\left(x\in R\right)\)
do đó \(-\left(x+2\right)^2+4\le4\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Max_B=4\)khi \(x+2=0\Rightarrow x=-2\)
b) Giá trị nhỏ nhất
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2.x.+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\)
Vì \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Min_A=-2\)khi \(x-1=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
\(B=4^2+4x+5=\left(2x\right)^2+2.2x.1+1+4=\left(2x+1\right)^2+4\)
vì \(\left(2x+1\right)^2\ge0\left(x\in R\right)\)
nên \(\left(2x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\left(x\in R\right)\)
Vậy \(Min_B=4\)khi \(2x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(A=x^2-4x+10=x^2-4x+4+6=\left(x-2\right)^2+6\ge6\)
Vậy GTNN A là 6 khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2
\(B=\left(1-x\right)\left(3x-4\right)=3x-4-3x^2+4x=-3x^2+7x-4\)
\(=-3\left(x^2-\frac{7}{3}x+\frac{4}{3}\right)=-3\left(x^2-2.\frac{7}{6}x+\frac{49}{36}-\frac{1}{36}\right)=-3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2+\frac{1}{12}\ge\frac{1}{12}\)
\(=3\left(x-\frac{7}{6}\right)^2-\frac{1}{12}\le-\frac{1}{12}\)Vậy GTLN B là -1/12 khi x = 7/6
\(C=3x^2-9x+5=3\left(x^2-3x+\frac{5}{3}\right)=3\left(x^2-2.\frac{3}{2}x+\frac{9}{4}-\frac{7}{12}\right)\)
\(=3\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2-\frac{7}{4}\ge-\frac{7}{4}\)Vậy GTNN C là -7/4 khi x = 3/2
\(D=-2x^2+5x+2=-2\left(x^2-\frac{5}{2}x-1\right)=-2\left(x^2-2.\frac{5}{4}x+\frac{25}{16}-\frac{41}{16}\right)\)
\(=-2\left(x-\frac{5}{4}\right)^2+\frac{21}{8}\le\frac{21}{8}\)Vậy GTLN D là 21/8 khi x = 5/4
\(A=x^2+4x+5=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)
\(B=x^2+10x-1=\left(x+5\right)^2-26\ge-26\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-5\)
\(C=5-4x+4x^2=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(D=x^2+y^2-2x+6y-3=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2-13\ge-13\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(E=2x^2+y^2+2xy+2x+3=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow x=-y=-1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(A=x^2+4x+5\)
\(=x^2+4x+4+1\)
\(=\left(x+2\right)^2+1\ge1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=-2
\(C=4x^2-4x+5\)
\(=4x^2-4x+1+4\)
\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
c: \(-x^2+2x-2=-\left(x-1\right)^2-1\le-1\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V\ge-1\forall x\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=1
a.x2+x+1=x2+x+\(\frac{1}{4}\)+\(\frac{3}{4}\)=(x+\(\frac{1}{2}\))2+\(\frac{3}{4}\)\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\) (dấu bằng xẩy ra khi và chỉ khi x=\(-\frac{1}{2}\))tìm min
b.bạn xem lại đề bài
c.giải tương tự câu a(tìm min)
d.(2x-1)2+(x+2)=4x2-4x+1+x+2=4x2-3x+3..........(tìm min)
e.4-x2+2x=-x2+2x-1+5=-(x-1)2+5\(\le5\)(dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=1) tìm max
f.4x-x2=-x2+4x-4+4=-(x-2)2+4 (tương tự câu e) (tìm max)
g.1-4x-2x2=-2x2-4x-2+3=-2(x+1)2+3 (giống câu trên) (tìm max)
h.x2-4x+y2+2y-5=x2-4x+4+y2+2y+1-10=(x-2)2+(y+1)2-10\(\ge\)-10 (dấu bằng xảy ra khi và chỉ khi x=2.y=-1)(tìm min)