Rút gọn:
(\(\frac{4\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+2}\) + \(\frac{8a}{4-a}\)) : (\(\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{a-2\sqrt{a}}\) - \(\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}\))
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\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+3}{\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\frac{4\sqrt{a}-4}{4-a}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{a-4}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{a-4}-\frac{4\sqrt{a}-4}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{a+5\sqrt{a}+6-\left(a-3\sqrt{a}+2\right)-\left(4\sqrt{a}-4\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+5\sqrt{a}+6-a+3\sqrt{a}-2-4\sqrt{a}+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{4\sqrt{a}+8}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}=\frac{4\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{a}-2}\)
\(P=\dfrac{3a-12\sqrt{a}+a+4\sqrt{a}-4a-8}{\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)}:\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+4-2\sqrt{a}-5}{\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-8\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)}\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{a}+4}{-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)}=\dfrac{8}{\sqrt{a}-4}\)
Bài 1
a) \(P=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{a+\sqrt{a}-2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}+\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{1-\sqrt{a}}\) (ĐK : x\(\ge0\) ; x\(\ne\) 1)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{3a+\sqrt{9a}-3-a+1-a+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{a+3\sqrt{a}+2}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
b) \(P=\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-1}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-1+2}{\sqrt{a}-1}=1+\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}-1}\)
Vậy để P là số nguyên thì: \(\sqrt{a}-1\inƯ\left(2\right)\)
Mà Ư(2)={-1;1;2;-1}
=> \(\sqrt{a}-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\)
Ta có bảng sau:
\(\sqrt{a}-1\) | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
a | 4 | 0 | 9 | \(\sqrt{a}=-1\) (ktm) |
vậy a={0;4;9} thì P nguyên
Bài 2
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{a+4\sqrt{a-4}}+\sqrt{a-4\sqrt{a-4}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{a}+\frac{16}{a^2}}}\)(ĐK:a\(\ge\)8)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)+4\sqrt{a-4}+4}+\sqrt{\left(a-4\right)-4\sqrt{a-4}+4}}{\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{4}{a}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}-2\right)^2}}{1-\frac{4}{a}}\)
\(=\sqrt{a-4}+2+\sqrt{a-4}-2:\frac{a-4}{a}\)
\(=2\sqrt{a-4}\cdot\frac{a}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a-4}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a+4\sqrt{a-4}}+\sqrt{a-4\sqrt{a-4}}}{\sqrt{1-\frac{8}{a}+\frac{16}{a^2}}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}+2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{a-4}\right)-2}}{\sqrt{\left(1-\frac{4}{a}\right)^2}}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{a-4}+2+\sqrt{a-4}-2}{1-\frac{4}{a}}\)
\(=\frac{2a}{\sqrt{a-4}}\)
\(ĐKXĐ:a\ge0;a\ne4\)
Vế thứ nhất mẫu thức chung là \(\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)\)
chỗ \(-\frac{4a}{a-4}\)chuyển thành \(\frac{4a}{4-a}\)tách ra được \(\frac{4a}{\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{a}\right)}\) ( sử dụng hằng đẳng thức hiệu hai bình phương)
vế thứ hai mẫu thức chung là \(\sqrt{a}\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)\)
tách cái sau ra \(\frac{\sqrt{a}+3}{\sqrt{a}\left(2-\sqrt{a}\right)}\) thì cái trước phải nhân cả tử và mẫu với \(\sqrt{a}\)
Rút gọn
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-2}\right)\div\frac{1}{a-4}\)
\(ĐKXĐ:\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\a\ne4\end{cases}}\)
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-2}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+2}{\sqrt{a}-2}\right):\frac{1}{a-4}\)
\(=\left[\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\right].\left(a-4\right)\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}.\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)^2-\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a-4\sqrt{a}+4\right)-\left(a+4\sqrt{a}+4\right)\)
\(=a-4\sqrt{a}+4-a-4\sqrt{a}-4=-8\sqrt{a}\)
ĐK : \(\hept{\begin{cases}a\ge0\\a\ne4\end{cases}}\)
\(=\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}-\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\right)\div\frac{1}{a-4}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-4\sqrt{a}+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}-\frac{a+4\sqrt{a}+4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\right)\div\frac{1}{a-4}\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-4\sqrt{a}+4-a-4\sqrt{a}-4}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\right)\div\frac{1}{a-4}\)
\(=\frac{-8\sqrt{a}}{\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}\times\frac{a-4}{1}\)
\(=\frac{-8\sqrt{a}}{a-4}\times\frac{a-4}{1}=-8\sqrt{a}\)
P= (\(\frac{3\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}+4}+\frac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{a}-4}+\frac{4\left(a+2\right)}{16-a}\)):\(\left(1-\frac{2\sqrt{a}+5}{\sqrt{a}-4}\right)\)
=\(\left(\frac{3\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}-4\right)}{a-16}+\frac{\sqrt{a}\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right)}{a-16}-\frac{4a+8}{a-16}\right):\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-4-2\sqrt{a}-5}{\sqrt{a}-4}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{3a-12\sqrt{a}+a+4\sqrt{a}-4a-8}{a-16}\right):\left(\frac{-\sqrt{a}-9}{\sqrt{a}-4}\right)\)
=\(\left(\frac{-8\sqrt{a}-8}{a-16}\right).\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-4}{-\sqrt{a}-9}\right)=\frac{8\sqrt{a}+8}{\left(\sqrt{a}+4\right).\left(\sqrt{a}+9\right)}=\frac{8\sqrt{a}+8}{a+13\sqrt{a}+36}\)