tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
A= 2x^2 + 2xy +y^2 - 2x+ 2y +2
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A= x2+2y2-2xy-2x-2y+1015
A = x2 - 2xy - 2x + y2 + 2y + 1 + y2 - 4y + 4 + 1010
A = [x2 - 2x(y + 1) + (y+1)2 ] + (y-2)2 + 1010
A = ( x - y - 1)2 + (y-2)2 + 1010 \(\ge1010\forall x,y\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-1=0\\y-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy MinA = 1010 <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(x^2+z^2-2xz\right)+\left(x^2+y^2-2xy+2x-2y+1\right)+3\)
\(D=\left(x-z\right)^2+\left(x-y+1\right)^2+3\ge3\)
\(D_{min}=3\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=z\\x=y-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(M=5x^2+y^2-2x+2y+2xy+2004\)
\(=\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+4x^2-4x+1+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+2y\left(x+1\right)+y^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2002\)
\(=\left(x+1+y\right)^2+\left(2x-1\right)^2+2003\ge2002\) với mọi x,y
=> \(M_{min}=2002\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+1=0\\2x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(M_{min}=2002\)
\(A=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)+1+x^2+6x+9+1978\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+2\left(x-y\right)+1+\left(x+3\right)^2+1978\)
\(=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(x+3\right)^2+1978\ge1978\)
\(A_{min}=1978\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S=\left(x^2+y^2+1+2xy+2x+2y\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+2021\)
\(S=\left(x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2021\ge2021\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(-3;2\right)\)
\(A=2x^2+y^2+2xy-6x-2y+10\)
<=>\(A=y^2+2y\left(x-1\right)+2x^2-6x+10\)
<=>\(A=y^2+2y\left(x-1\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+5\)
<=>\(A=y^2+2y\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\)
<=>\(A=\left(y+x-1\right)^2+\left(x-2\right)^2+5\ge5\)
=> A đạt giá trị nhỏ nhất là 5 khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(y+x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(x-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y+x-1=0\\x-2=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=-1\end{cases}}\)
\(A=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+2\left(x-y\right)+1+y^2-8y+16-17\\ A=\left(x-y+1\right)^2+\left(y-4\right)^2-16\ge17\)
Vậy \(A_{min}=17\leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\y-4=0\end{matrix}\right.\leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(A=4x^2-12x+100=\left(2x\right)^2-12x+3^2+91=\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\)
Ta có: \(\left(2x-3\right)^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-3\right)^2+91\ge91\)
hay A \(\ge91\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=0\)
<=> 2x-3=0
<=> 2x=3
<=> \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy Min A=91 đạt được khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\)
b) \(B=-x^2-x+1=-\left(x^2+x-1\right)=-\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{5}{4}\right)=-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
Ta có: \(-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\le\frac{5}{4}\) hay B\(\le\frac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" \(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\frac{1}{2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy Max B=\(\frac{5}{4}\)đạt được khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(C=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(C=x^2+2x\left(y-1\right)+\left(y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow C=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\)
Ta có:
\(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\inℤ\\x^2\ge0\forall x\inℤ\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y-1\right)^2+x^2+1\ge1\)
hay C\(\ge\)1
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y-1\right)^2=0\\x^2=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=1\\x=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}y=1\\x=0\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min C=1 đạt được khi y=1 và x=0
\(A=2x^2+2xy+y^2-2x+2y+2\)
\(=x^2-4x+4+x^2+y^2+1+2x+2y+2xy-3\)
\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(x+y+1\right)^2-3\ge-3\)
Dấu \(=\)khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2=0\\x+y+1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=2\\y=-3\end{cases}}\).