Cho 2,96 g hỗn hợp gồm Cu Fe tác dụng với 500 ml dung dịch HCl sau phản ứng thu được 672 ml khí điều kiện tiêu chuẩn tính V Clo sau phản ứng vừa hết 2,96 g hỗn hợp trên
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Fe+2HCl->FeCl2+H2
0,02-0,04--------------0,02
Fe2O3+6HCl->2Fecl3+3H2O
0,03-----0,18 mol
n H2=\(\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}\)=0,02 mol
=>m Fe=0,02.56=1,12g
=>m Fe2O3=4,8g=>n Fe2O3=\(\dfrac{4,8}{160}\)=0,03 mol
=>x=CMHCl=\(\dfrac{0,22}{0,5}\)=0,44M
b)
2Fe+3Cl2-to>2FeCl3
0,02---0,03
=>m Cl2=0,03.71=2,13g
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
a) \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2O\)
b) \(n_{Fe}=n_{H2}=n_{H2SO4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Al2O3}=15,8-5,6=10,2\left(g\right)\)
c) Ta có : \(n_{Al2O3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H2SO4}=3n_{Al2O3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{MddH2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1+0,3}{0,2}=2M\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\left(2\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.785}{24.79}=0.15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot0.15=0.1\left(mol\right),n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=0.15\cdot2=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.1\cdot27=2.7\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=40-2.7=37.3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{37.3}{102}=0.36\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=0.36\cdot6=2.16\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=0.3+2.16=2.46\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{2.46}{2}=1.23\left(l\right)\)
Ta có : C1=2C2
=> Gọi nH2SO4 =x
=> n HCl = 2x
Bảo toàn nguyên tố H :\(n_{HCl}.1+n_{H_2SO_4}.2=n_{H_2}.2\)
\(\Rightarrow2a+2a=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6.2\)
=>a = 0,3(mol)
=> CMHCl = \(\dfrac{0,6}{0,3}=2M\); CMH2SO4 = \(\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1M\)
Dung dịch B gồm : Mg 2+ , Al3+ , Cl- , SO4 2-
\(n_{Cl^-}=n_{HCl}=0,6\left(mol\right);n_{SO_4^{2-}}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn điện tích cho dung dịch B:
\(n_{Mg}.2+n_{Al}.3=0,6+0,3.2\) (1)
Theo đề bài : \(24.n_{Mg}+27.n_{Al}=12,6\) (2)
Từ (1), (2)=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=0,3\\n_{Al}=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{12,6}.100=57,14\%\)
=> % m Al = 100 -57.14 = 42,86%
Sửa đề: 3,785 (l) → 3,7185 (l)
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,7185}{24,79}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{40}.100\%=6,75\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=93,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{40.93,25\%}{102}=\dfrac{373}{1020}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{85}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{85}}{2}=\dfrac{106}{85}\left(l\right)\approx1247,06\left(ml\right)\)
d, \(n_{AlCl_3}=n_{Al}+2n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{212}{255}.133,5=\dfrac{9434}{85}\left(g\right)\)
e, \(C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{\dfrac{212}{255}}{\dfrac{106}{85}}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
a) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)=n_{Zn}\)
\(\Rightarrow\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot65}{36,2}\cdot100\%\approx71,23\%\) \(\Rightarrow\%m_{Al_2O_3}=28,77\%\)
c) Ta có: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{36,2-0,4\cdot65}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=1,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,4\cdot36,5}{10\%}=511\left(g\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{511}{1,1}\approx464,5\left(ml\right)=0,4645\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{ZnCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,4}{0,4645}\approx0,86\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,4645}\approx0,43\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
nH2 = 0,672/22,4 = 0,03 (mol)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
nFe = 0,03 (mol)
mFe = 0,03 . 56 = 1,68 (g)
mCu = 2,96 - 1,68 = 1,28 (g)
nCu = 1,28/64 = 0,02 (mol)
PTHH:
2Fe + 3Cl2 -> (t°) 2FeCl3
0,03 ---> 0,045
Cu + Cl2 -> (t°) CuCl2
0,02 ---> 0,02
nCl2 = 0,045 + 0,02 = 0,065 (mol)
VCl2 = 0,065 . 22,4 = 1,456 (l)