Đốt cháy hoàn toàn X gam Al trong KK thu được chất rắn là 10,2 g Al2O3.
a, Tính X
b, Tính thể tích không khí cần dùng biết trong KK , thể tích Oxi chiếm 20% thể tích KK . ( Thể tích các khí ở Đkc)
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a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{20,4}{102}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,4<--0,3<---------0,2
=> mAl = 0,4.27 = 10,8(g)
b) C1: VO2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(l)
C2: Theo ĐLBTKL: mO2 = 20,4 - 10,8 = 9,6(g)
=> \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)=>V_{O_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
c) Vkk = 6,72 : 20% = 33,6(l)
a. Ag không phản ứng nên ta có PTHH: \(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow^{t^o}2MgO\)
\(\rightarrow m_{O_2}=m_{hh}-m_{\mu\text{ối}}=18,8-15,6=3,2g\)
\(\rightarrow n_{O_2}=\frac{3,2}{32}=0,1mol\)
b. \(\rightarrow V_{O_2}=n.22,4=22,4.0,1=2,24l\)
\(\rightarrow V_{kk}=4,48.5=11,2l\)
c. Có \(n_{Mg}=2n_{O_2}=0,2l\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,2.24=4,8g\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Mg}=\frac{4,8.100}{15,6}\approx30,77\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Ag}=100\%-30,77\%=69,23\%\)
PTHH: \(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(CO_2+Ba\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow BaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{7,2}{18}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=n_{BaCO_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)=n_{CH_4}\\n_{O_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{BaCO_3}=0,2\cdot197=39,4\left(g\right)\\V_{CH_4}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\\V_{kk}=\dfrac{0,4\cdot22,4}{20\%}=44,8\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2Al_2O_3\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{4}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{20\%}=18,5925\left(l\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\)
PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
_____0,9___0,6______0,3 (mol)
a, \(V_{O_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{Fe}=0,9.56=50,4\left(g\right)\)
c, \(V_{kk}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{20\%}=67,2\left(l\right)\)
nC2H5OH=0,2 mol
C2H5OH+3 O2 =>2CO2+3H2O
0,2 mol =>0,6mol=>0,4 mol
VCO2=0,4.22,4=8,96l
VO2=0,6.22,4=13,44l
=>Vkk=13,44/20%=67,2 lit
\(n_{P_2O_5}=\dfrac{21,3}{142}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 --to--> 2P2O5
0,3 0,375 0,15
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_P=0,3.31=9,3\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2}=0,375.22,4=8,4\left(l\right)\\V_{kk}=8,4.5=42\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH: 2KClO3 --to--> 2KCl + 3O2
0,25 0,375
=> mKClO3 = 0,25.122,5 = 30,625 (g)
\(nP_2O_5=\dfrac{21,3}{142}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:4P+5O_2-t^o->2P_2O_5\)
0,3 0,375 0,15
=> \(m_P=0,3.31=9,3\left(g\right)\)
=>\(V_{O_2}=0,375.22,4=8,4\left(L\right)=>V_{KK}=8,4:20\%=42\left(L\right)\)
\(pthh:2KMnO_4-t^o->K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
0,75 0,75
=> mKMnO4 = 0,75 . 158 = 118,5 (G)
\(m_{Al}=27,8.19,2\%=5,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{Fe}=27,8-5,4=22,4\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,2-->0,15------->0,1
3Fe + 2O2 --to--> Fe3O4
0,4-->4/15--------->2/15
\(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{kk}=\left(0,15+\dfrac{4}{15}\right).22,4.5=\dfrac{140}{3}\left(l\right)\\m_{Cran}=0,1.102+\dfrac{2}{15}.232=\dfrac{617}{15}\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
mAl=27,8.19,42%=5,4g
⇒nAl=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2mol
⇒nFe=\(\dfrac{27,8-5,4}{56}\)=0,4mol
4Al+3O2to→2Al2O34
3Fe+2O2to→Fe3O4
⇒nO2=\(\dfrac{3}{4}\)nAl+\(\dfrac{2}{3}\)nFe=\(\dfrac{5}{12}\)mol
⇒Vkk=\(\dfrac{5}{12}\).22,4.5=46,67l
b,
mrắn=27,8+mO2=27,8+\(\dfrac{5}{12}\)32=41,1g
\(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:4Al+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2Al_2O_3\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{4}{2}.n_{Al_2O_3}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=m_{Al}=27.0,2=5,4\left(g\right)\\ b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,1=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.24,79=3,7185\left(l\right)\\ V_{kk\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{100}{20}.3,7185=18,5925\left(l\right)\)
a) \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{10,2}{102}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
0,2<---0,15<------0,1
=> X = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
b) VO2 = 0,15.24,79 = 3,7185 (l)
=> Vkk = 3,7185:20% = 18,5925(l)