Tính tỉ số \(\frac{A}{B}\)
A= \(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+ \(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+ \(\frac{1}{4^2}\)+..+\(\frac{1}{2015^2}\) < \(1\)
B= \(\frac{1}{2}\)+ \(\frac{2}{2^2}\)+ \(\frac{3}{2^3}\)+..+\(\frac{100}{2^{100}}\) < \(2\)
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a, \(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\frac{2011}{1}+\frac{2010}{2}+\frac{2009}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2012}}{\left(\frac{2011}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2010}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2009}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2011}+1\right)+1}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{\frac{2012}{1}+\frac{2012}{2}+\frac{2012}{3}+...+\frac{2012}{2011}+\frac{2012}{2012}}\)
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}}{2012\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{1}{2012}\right)}=\frac{1}{2012}\)
b, \(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{2}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{\left(\frac{2016}{1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}{\frac{2017}{1}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+...+\frac{2017}{2015}+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2017}}\)
\(\frac{A}{B}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}{2017\cdot\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+....+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}=\frac{1}{2017}\)
Ta có :
\(B=\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(B=\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1\)
\(B=\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+...+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2017}\)
\(B=2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{B}{A}=\frac{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=2017\)
Vậy \(\frac{B}{A}\)là số nguyên
Mẫu số = \(\frac{2015}{1}+\frac{2014}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\)
= \(1+1+1+...+1\) ( có tổng cộng 2015 số 1) \(+\frac{2014}{2}+\frac{2013}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\)
= \(\left(1+\frac{2014}{2}\right)+\left(1+\frac{2013}{3}\right)+...+\left(1+\frac{1}{2015}\right)\)
= \(\left(\frac{2}{2}+\frac{2014}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{3}{3}+\frac{2013}{3}\right)+...+\left(\frac{2015}{2015}+\frac{1}{2015}\right)\)
= \(\frac{2016}{2}+\frac{2016}{3}+...+\frac{2016}{2015}\)
= \(2016.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\right)\)
Tử số= \(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\)
Lấy tử số chia cho mẫu số:
\(A=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2015}}{2016.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2015}\right)}\)
Đơn giản mẫu và tử.
\(A=\frac{1}{2016}\)
ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2015^2}<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2014.2015}\)
mà \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2014.2015}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2014}-\frac{1}{2015}=1-\frac{1}{2015}<1\)
=>\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2015^2}<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{2014.2015}<1\)
=>\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{2015^2}<1\)(đpcm)
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