/ Hòa tan hoàn toàn 10,8 gam nhôm bằng dung dịch H2SO4 loãng 9,8% vừa đủ. a) Viết phương trình hóa học. b) Tính thể tích khí hiđro sinh ra (đktc). c) Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dung dịch muối thu được sau phản ứng.
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a) Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
_____0,4--->0,8------>0,4--->0,4
=> VH2 = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(l)
c) mHCl = 0,8.36,5 = 29,2 (g)
=> \(m_{dd\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{29,2.100}{7,3}=400\left(g\right)\)
mdd (sau pư) = 22,4 + 400 - 0,4.2 = 421,6 (g)
=> \(C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{127.0,4}{421,6}.100\%=12,05\%\)
a) $2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
b) $n_{Al} = \dfrac{5,4}{27} = 0,2(mol)$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{H_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$V_{H_2} = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
c) $n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = 0,3(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ H_2SO_4} = \dfrac{0,3.98}{19,6\%} = 150(gam)$
$\Rightarrow m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 5,4 + 150 - 0,3.2 = 154,8(gam)$
$C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3} = \dfrac{0,1.342}{154,8}.100\% = 22,09\%$
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ b,n_{H_2}=1,5.n_{Al}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)\\ c,n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3.98}{19,6\%}=150(g)\\ n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,5.n_{Al}=0,1(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,1.342}{5,4+150-0,3.2}.100\%=22,09\%\)
a) Pt: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b) nFe = \(\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
Theo pt: nH2 = nFe = 0,2 mol
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48lit
c) Theo pt: nHCl = 2nFe = 0,4 mol
=> mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 g
=> C% = \(\dfrac{14,6}{73}.100\%=20\%\)
a) Pt:
b) nFe = \(\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2mol\)
Theo pt: nH2 = nFe = 0,2 mol
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48lit
c) Theo pt: nHCl = 2nFe = 0,4 mol
=> mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 g
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{14,6}{73}.100\%=20\%\)
Bài 4 :
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.2}{1}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{100}=14,6\)0/0
d) \(n_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{0,2.1}{1}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnCl2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=13+100-\left(0,2.2\right)=112,6\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ZnCl2}=\dfrac{27,2.100}{112,6}=24,16\)0/0
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Bài 3 :
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
b) \(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2\left(dktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=0,5.98=49\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{ddH2SO4}=\dfrac{49.100}{200}=24,5\)0/0
d) \(n_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{0,5.1}{1}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgSO4}=0,5.120=60\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=12+200-\left(0,5.2\right)=211\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgSO4}=\dfrac{60.100}{211}=28,44\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
`a)PTHH:`
`2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2`
`0,2` `0,6` `0,3` `(mol)`
`n_[Al]=[5,4]/27=0,2(mol)`
`b)V_[H_2]=0,3.22,4=6,72(l)`
`c)m_[dd HCl]=[0,6.36,5]/10 . 100 =219(g)`
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
b, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,2.22,4=4,48\left(l\right)\)
c, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
d, \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Zn}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,4.36,5=14,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{7,3\%}=200\left(g\right)\)
⇒ m dd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%\approx12,79\%\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,4-->0,6---------->0,2------->0,6
=> \(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\)
b) VH2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44 (l)
c) \(C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6
\(C_M_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\\ V_{H_2}=0,622,4=13,44L\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=1,3M\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4(mol)\\ a,2Al+3H_2SO_4\to Al_2(SO_4)_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,6(mol);n_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=0,2(mol)\\ b,V_{H_2}=0,6.22,4=13,44(l)\\ c,m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,6.98}{9,8\%}=600(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Al_2(SO_4)_3}=\dfrac{0,2.342}{10,8+600-0,6.2}.100\%=11,22\%\)
Dạ cám ơn .