Cho 300g dung dịch AgNO3 20% phản ứng với 200g dung dịch BaCl2 thu
được kết tủa, lọc sấy khô kết tủa cân nặng 24g
a. Viết PTHH?
b. Tính hiệu suất của phản ứng?
c. Tính C% của dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng?
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Tham khảo
a.BaCl2+2AgNO3→Ba(NO3)3+2AgClb.nAgNO3=300.20%170=617(mol)nAgCl=24143,5=48287(mol)Tacó:nAgNO3(pư)=nAgCl=48287(mol)⇒H=48287617.100=47,39%c.mddsaupu=300+200−24=476(g)nBa(NO3)2=12nAgCl=24287(mol)nAgNO3(dư)=617−48287=9064879(mol)⇒C%Ba(NO3)2=4,59%;C%AgNO3(dư)=6,63%
\(a.BaCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_3+2AgCl\\b. n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{300.20\%}{170}=\dfrac{6}{17}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{24}{143,5}=\dfrac{48}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:n_{AgNO_3\left(pư\right)}=n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{48}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{\dfrac{48}{287}}{\dfrac{6}{17}}.100=47,39\%\\ c.m_{ddsaupu}=300+200-24=476\left(g\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{24}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AgNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{6}{17}-\dfrac{48}{287}=\dfrac{906}{4879}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=4,59\%;C\%_{AgNO_3\left(dư\right)}=6,63\%\)
PTHH: \(NaCl+AgNO_3\rightarrow NaNO_3+AgCl\downarrow\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot0,5=0,1\left(mol\right)=n_{AgNO_3}=n_{AgCl}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{AgNO_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0,4}=0,25\left(M\right)\\m_{AgCl}=0,1\cdot143,5=14,35\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{19,6\cdot20\%}{100\%}=3,92\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{3,92}{98}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=n_{BaSO_4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CT_{BaCl_2}}=0,04\cdot208=8,32\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{BaCl_2}}=\dfrac{8,32\cdot100\%}{12\%}\approx69,3\left(g\right)\\ m_{kết.tủa}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,04\cdot233=9,32\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{10}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=200+160-\left(0,2.98\right)=340,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{240,4}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(d,PTHH:\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=200.16\%=32\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{10\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.142}{200+160-0,2.98}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
d, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\\ Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow^{t^0}CuO+H_2O\\ b,n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuO}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2\cdot80=16\left(g\right)\\ c,n_{NaCl}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,4\cdot58,5=23,4\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{23,4}{200}\cdot100\%=11,7\%\)
a, \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
b, \(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{135}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{CuCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuCl_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{200}.100\%=8\%\)
nAgNO3= (100.17%)/170=0,1(mol)
nHCl= (300.3,65%)/36,5=0,3(mol)
a) PTHH: AgNO3 + HCl -> AgCl + HNO3
Ta có: 0,1/1 < 0,3/1
=> AgNO3 hết, HCl dư, tính theo nAgNO3
Ta có: nAgCl= nHNO3= nHCl(p.ứ)= nAgNO3= 0,1(mol)
=>m(kt)=mAgCl= 143,5.0,1= 14,35(g)
b) mHCl(dư)= (0,3- 0,1).36,5=7,3(g)
mHNO3= 63.0,1= 6,3(g)
mddsau= mddAgNO3 + mddHCl - mAgCl= 100+300- 14,35= 385,65(g)
=>C%ddHCl(dư)= (7,3/385,65).100= 1,893%
C%ddHNO3= (6,3/385,65).100=1,634%
\(a.BaCl_2+2AgNO_3\rightarrow Ba\left(NO_3\right)_3+2AgCl\\b. n_{AgNO_3}=\dfrac{300.20\%}{170}=\dfrac{6}{17}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{24}{143,5}=\dfrac{48}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ Tacó:n_{AgNO_3\left(pư\right)}=n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{48}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow H=\dfrac{\dfrac{48}{287}}{\dfrac{6}{17}}.100=47,39\%\\ c.m_{ddsaupu}=300+200-24=476\left(g\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{AgCl}=\dfrac{24}{287}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{AgNO_3\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{6}{17}-\dfrac{48}{287}=\dfrac{906}{4879}\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{Ba\left(NO_3\right)_2}=4,59\%;C\%_{AgNO_3\left(dư\right)}=6,63\%\)