Question

[Lê Quỳnh Anh]

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, c, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.

In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual fuse. The group contains nearly all of each individual’s life. The rewards of the group’s work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued.

While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modem societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration, Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation.

In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic: the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals: it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.

Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?

A. Tertiary cooperation

B. Antagonistic cooperation

C. Accommodation

D. Latent conflict

Answer 1

[Dương Hoàn Anh]

Đáp án D.

Keywords: NOT, the third type of cooperation.

Clue: “In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work... and hence the somewhat conữadictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship”: Ở loại thứ ba, được gọi là tertiary cooperation hoặc accommodation thì latent conflict nhấn mạnh công việc chung ... và vì vậy thuật ngữ antagonistic cooperation có phần mâu thuẫn này vẫn thỉnh thoảng được sử dụng để gọi mối quan hệ này. (Câu trên có một số thuật ngữ mà chỉ có chuyên gia về lĩnh vực này mới có thể giải thích chính xác được. Mục đích chính của mình chỉ là làm sao trả lời đúng câu hỏi là được. Nên các em không phải lăn tăn chỗ này làm gì nhiều cho mất thời gian nhé).

Phân tích: Ta thấy ý A, B, C đều xuất hiện trong manh mối là các tên gọi khác nhau của loại hình hợp tác thứ ba này. Còn đáp án D. Latent conflict không phải là tên của loại thứ ba đó.

Kiến thức cần nhớ

antagonistic (adj): đối nghịch - hostile (adj) = unfriendly (adj) = incompatible (adj)