Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 28 to 35.
If you could travel back in time five centuries, you'd encounter a thriving Aztec empire in Central Mexico, a freshly painted "Mona Lisa" in Renaissance Europe and cooler temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere. This was a world in the midst of the Little Ice Age (A.D. 1300 to 1850) and a period of vast European exploration now known as the Age of Discovery. But what if we could look 500 years into the future and glimpse the Earth of the 26th century? Would the world seem as different to us as the 21st century would have seemed to residents of the 16th century? For starters, what will the weather be like?
Depending on whom you ask, the 26th century will either be a little chilly or infernally hot. Some solar output models suggest that by the 2500s, Earth's climate will have cooled back down
to near Little Ice Age conditions. Other studies predict that ongoing climate change and fossil fuel use will render much of the planet too hot for human life by 2300.
Some experts date the beginning of human climate change back to the Industrial Revolution in the 1800s, others to slash-and-burn agricultural practices in prehistoric times. Either way, tool-wielding humans alter their environment -- and our 26th century tools might be quite impressive indeed.
Theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku predicts that in a mere 100 years, humanity will make the leap from a type zero civilization to a type I civilization on the Kardashev Scale. In other words, we'll become a species that can harness the entire sum of a planet's energy. Wielding such power, 26th-century humans will be masters of clean energy technologies such as fusion and solar power. Furthermore, they'll be able to manipulate planetary energy in order to control global climate. Physicist Freeman Dyson, on the other hand, estimates the leap to a type I civilization would occur within roughly 200 years.
Technology has improved exponentially since the 1500s, and this pace will likely continue in the centuries to come. Physicist Stephen Hawking proposes that by the year 2600, this growth would see 10 new theoretical physics papers published every 10 seconds. If Moore's Law holds true and both computer speed and complexity double every 18 months, then some of these studies may be the work of highly intelligent machines.
What other technologies will shape the world of the 26th century? Futurist and author Adrian Berry believes the average human life span will reach 140 years and that the digital storage of human personalities will enable a kind of computerized immortality. Humans will farm the oceans, travel in starships and reside in both lunar and Martian colonies while robots explore the outer cosmos.
Question 33: Which of the following is TRUE about the future predictions?
A. Michio Kaku believes that the progress from type 0 to type I civilization will take about two centuries.
B. People in the 2500s are likely to control the energy of the Earth to limit the global climate.
C. The speed of technology improvement will remain changeable in the far future.
D. Solar energy will be the main power for the 26th -century citizens.
Đáp án B
Câu nào trong những câu sau đúng về những dự đoán trong tương lai?
A. Michio Kaku cho rằng sự tiến bộ từ nền văn minh loại 0 lên loại 1 sẽ mất khoảng 2 thế kỉ.
B. Con người trong những năm 2500 có thể kiểm soát nguồn năng lượng của Trái Đất để làm giảm khí hậu toàn cầu.
C. Tốc độ cải thiện công nghệ sẽ tiếp tục để thay đổi trong tương lai xa.
D. Năng lượng mặt trời sẽ là nguồn năng lượng chính cho công dân thế kỷ 26.
Căn cứ thông tin đoạn 4:
Theoretical physicist and futurist Michio Kaku predicts that in a mere 100 years, humanity will make the leap from a type zero civilization to a type I civilization on the Kardashev Scale. In other words, we'll become a species that can harness the entire sum of a planet's energy. Wielding such power, 26th-century humans will be masters of clean energy technologies such as fusion and solar power. Furthermore, they'll be able to manipulate planetary energy in order to control global climate. Physicist Freeman Dyson, on the other hand, estimates the leap to a type I civilization would occur within roughly 200 years.
(Nhà vật lý lý thuyết và tương lai học Michio Kaku dự đoán rằng chỉ trong vòng 100 năm nữa, nhân loại sẽ tạo ra một bước nhảy vọt từ nền văn minh loại 0 lên nền văn minh loại 1 trên thang Kardashev. Nói cách khác, chúng ta sẽ trở thành một loài mà có thể khai thác toàn bộ năng lượng của một hành tinh. Nắm giữ sức mạnh như vậy, những người thế kỉ 26 sẽ trở thành những chuyên gia về công nghệ năng lượng sạch như phản ứng tổng hợp và năng lượng một trời. Hơn nữa, họ sẽ có thể thao túng năng lượng hành tinh để kiểm soát khí hậu toàn cầu. Mặt khác, nhà vật lý Freeman Dyson ước tính bước nhảy vọt lên nền văn minh loại một sẽ xảy ra trong vòng 200 năm)