Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the
correct answer to each of the questions.
A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected. For instance, Thomas Edison had to make more than 1,000 attempts to invent the incandescent light bulb before he finally succeeded. History is replete with numerous other examples of people trying, yet failing to make inventions before they eventually succeeded. Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident.
In most cases, when someone unintentionally invented something, the inventor was attempting to create something else. For example, in the 1930s, chemist Roy Plunkett was attempting to make a new substance that could be used to refrigerate items. He mixed some chemicals together. Then, he put them into a pressurized container and cooled the mixture. By the time his experiment was complete, he had a new invention. It was not a new substance that could be used for refrigeration though. Instead, he had invented Teflon, which is today most commonly used to make nonstick pots and pans. Similarly, decades earlier, John Pemberton was a pharmacist in Atlanta, Georgia. He was attempting to create a tonic that people could use whenever they had headaches. While he was not successful in that endeavor, he managed to invent Coca – Cola, the world – famous carbonated soft drink.
Scientists have also made crucial discoveries by accident when they were conducting experiments. In 1928, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, an antibiotic, in this manner. He discovered some mold growing in a dish with some bacteria. He noticed that the bacteria seemed to be avoiding the mold. When he investigated further, he determined some of the many useful properties of penicillin, which has saved millions of lives over the past few decades. Likewise, in 1946, scientist Percy Spencer was conducting an experiment with microwaves. He had a candy bar in his pocket, and he noticed that it suddenly melted. He investigated and learned the reason why that had happened. Soon afterward, he built a device that could utilize microwaves to heat food. the microwave oven.
Which title best summarizes the main idea of the passage?
A. History's Most Important Inventions
B. Accidental Inventions and Discoveries
C. You Don't Always Get What You Want
D. How to Become a Great Inventor
Chọn B
Tiêu đề nào tóm tắt tốt nhất ý chính của đoạn văn?
A. Phát minh quan trọng nhất trong lịch sử
B. Phát minh và khám phá tình cờ
C. Bạn không luôn luôn có được những gì bạn muốn
D. Làm thế nào để trở thành một nhà phát minh vĩ đại
Dẫn chứng đoạn 1: A large number of inventions require years of arduous research and development before they are perfected...Yet some inventions have come about not through hard work but simply by accident.
Tạm dịch: Một số lượng lớn các phát minh đòi hỏi nhiều năm nghiên cứu và phát triển gian khổ trước khi chúng được hoàn thiện ... Tuy nhiên, một số phát minh đã xuất hiện không phải nhờ làm việc chăm chỉ mà chỉ đơn giản là tình cờ.
Đáp án B