Lấy 10 g C a C O 3 v à C a S O 4 tác dụng với dung dịch HCl dư tạo thành 0,56 lít khí (đktc). Tính thành phần % theo khối lượng mỗi muối trong hỗn hợp ban đầu. (Ca=40, C=12, O=16, S=32)
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\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
y y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+65y=21,4\\x+y=0,35\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,15\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4g\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13g\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{21,4}.100=39,25\%\)
\(\%m_{Zn}=100\%-39,25\%=60,75\%\)
\(m_{FeCl_2}=0,15.127=19,05g\)
\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2g\)
a, Ta có: 65nZn + 27nAl = 11,9 (1)
PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{9,916}{24,79}=0,4\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ mZn = 0,1.65 = 6,5 (g)
mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
b, Theo PT: nZnCl2 = nZn = 0,1 (mol)
nAlCl3 = nAl = 0,2 (mol)
⇒ m muối = 0,1.136 + 0,2.133,5 = 40,3 (g)
c, Theo PT: nHCl = 2nH2 = 0,8 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
2 A l + 3 H 2 S O 4 → A l 2 S O 4 3 + 3 H 2
x 3/2 x mol
F e + H 2 S O 4 → F e S O 4 + H 2
y y mol
⇒ % m A l = 0,01.27 0,83 .100 = 32,53 % ⇒ % m F e = 100 % − 32,53 % = 67,47 %
⇒ Chọn D.
\(Đặt:n_{MnO_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{KMnO_4}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=87a+158b=37.96\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{10.08}{22.4}=0.45\left(mol\right)\)
\(2KMnO_4+16HCl\rightarrow2KCl+2MnCl_2+5Cl_2+8H_2O\)
\(MnO_2+4HCl\rightarrow MnCl_2+Cl_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=a+2.5b=0.45\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.4,b=0.02\)
\(\%MnO_2=\dfrac{0.4\cdot87}{37.96}\cdot100\%=91.68\%\\\%KMnO_4=100-91.68=8.32\% \)
\(m_M=m_{KCl}+m_{MnCl_2}=0.02\cdot74.5+\left(0.4+0.02\right)\cdot126=54.41g\)
\(\text{Đặt }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ a,PTHH:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\end{matrix}\right.\\ b,\text{Theo đề ta có HPT: }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27x+56y=8,3\\\dfrac{3}{2}x+y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\left(mol\right)\\y=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot27}{8,3}\approx32,53\%\\\%_{Fe}\approx67,47\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AlCl_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1\cdot133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,1\cdot127=12,7\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\sum m_{muối}=13,35+12,7=26,05\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,448}{22,4}=0,02(mol)\\ a,CaCO_3+2HCl\to CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,02(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,02.100=2(g)\\ c,\%_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{2}{5}.100\%=40\%\\ \%_{CaSO_4}=100\%-40\%=60\%\)